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Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions (2024)
Journal Article
Green, N., Torija, A. J., & Ramos-Romero, C. (2024). Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 155(2), 915-929. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024522

This paper presents the results of a listening experiment designed to assess annoyance and perceived loudness (PL) for several unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations, with the listener simulated in indoor and outdoor positions. This research inves... Read More about Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions.

Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment (2024)
Journal Article
Green, N., Ramos-Romero, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (in press). Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment. #Journal not on list, https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.1170

In collaboration with the UK Civil Aviation Authority, the University of Salford is carrying out research to better understand the human perception and dose response of Unmaned Aerial Systems (UAS) noise. A listening experiment has been conducted to... Read More about Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment.

sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations (2024)
Journal Article
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (in press). sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations. #Journal not on list, https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0249

In the framework of the EPSRC - UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out during August 2022 in Edze... Read More about sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations.

Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft (2024)
Conference Proceeding
Lavia, L. R., Torija Martinez, A. J., & Clark, C. (2024). Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft.

Fair and Equitable Distribution (FED) of aircraft, was introduced in 2015 as an aspirational objective by communities affected by aircraft noise from Gatwick Airport, the third-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK. This paper present... Read More about Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft.

Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft (2023)
Journal Article
Amargianitakis, D. C., Self, R. H., Torija, A. J., Proença, A. R., & Synodinos, A. P. (2023). Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft. Journal of Aircraft, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037194

As part of the UK Research and Innovation project New Aviation, Propulsion, Knowledge and Innovation Network (NAPKIN), a high-level framework was developed for the assessment of the noise impact of the proposed regional-sized hydrogen-powered aircraf... Read More about Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft.

Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation (2023)
Journal Article
Lotinga, M. J. B., Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., & Torija, A. J. (2023). Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation. Current Pollution Reports, 9(4), 724-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00285-4

Purpose of Review: This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current advances in the measurement and assessment of the noise generated by unconventional aircraft, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. Build... Read More about Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation.

Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level (2023)
Journal Article
Walton, T., Elias, D. S., & Torija, A. J. (2023). Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level. Applied Acoustics, 214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109683

Electric micromobility has the potential to transform the urban transportation system by offering increased personal mobility, whilst reducing congestion and air pollution. Standing electric scooters (e-scooters) are considered as the most popular mo... Read More about Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level.

On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization (2023)
Journal Article
Ramos Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija, A. (2023). On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization. https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0248

With the imminent introduction of multi-rotor aircraft systems in airspace and the expectation of their operation near urban areas, noise emissions from this new type of noise sources have become an important research topic, mainly because they h... Read More about On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization.

sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija, A. J. (2023). sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations.

In the framework of the EPSRC-UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out in August 2022 in Edzell,... Read More about sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations.

Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers (2023)
Journal Article
Casagrande Hirono, F., Robertson, J., & Torija Martinez, A. J. (2023). Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 569, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2023.117971

This paper reports an experimental investigation of noise radiation and psychoacoustic evaluation of contra-rotating propellers with different blade counts over multiple emission angles and thrust settings. A series of aeroacoustic and psychoacoustic... Read More about Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers.

On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems (2023)
Journal Article
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Torija, A. J., & Asensio, C. (2023). On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems. Aerospace science and technology, 141, 108537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108537

The noise signature of small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) is highly influenced by specific operating and weather conditions. Accurate noise assessment of sUAS operations requires field noise measurements that capture all the compl... Read More about On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems.

Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2023)
Journal Article
Green, N., Ramos-Romero, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (2023). Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. SAE Technical Papers, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1108

The sound produced by Unmanned Aerial Systems (known as UAS or Drones) is often considered to be one of the main barriers (alongside privacy and safety concerns) preventing the widespread use of these vehicles in environments where they may be in clo... Read More about Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources (2023)
Journal Article
of directive aircraft noise sources. AIAA journal, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J062033

This paper extends the simplified airport noise model Rapid Aviation Noise Evaluator (RANE) [Torija et al., Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 141, No. 2, 2017, pp. 981–995], adding capability of including fully nonisotropic noise sou... Read More about Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources.

Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Nicholls, R., Torija, A. J., Green, N., & Ramos Romero, C. (2023). Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes. . https://doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0429

Drones have the potential to be implemented in the infrastructure of metropolitan areas to provide services to the public such as delivery, maintenance, and even blue light services. The scope for drone capability is large, but this comes with the ri... Read More about Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes.

Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics (2022)
Journal Article
Walton, T., Torija Martinez, A., & Elliott, A. (2022). Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics. Applied Acoustics, 201(109136), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.109136

In recent years electric micromobility transportation, including electric scooters, has seen a surge in popularity due to technological advances and the move to lower emission transport. Although offering a range of societal benefits, such as reduced... Read More about Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics.

Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact (2022)
Journal Article
Ramos Romero, C., Green, N., Roberts, S., Clark, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (2022). Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159299

The number of applications for drones under R&D have growth significantly during the 12 last few years, however the wider adoption of these technologies requires ensuring public trust and 13 acceptance. Noise has been identified as one of the key c... Read More about Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact.

Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Amargianitakis, D., Self, R., Proenca, A., Torija Martinez, A., & Synodinos, A. (2022, June). Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition. Presented at 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference, Southampton, UK

With the advent of the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) sector, a wide variety of concepts have emerged in academic studies and industry preliminary designs. The majority of these concepts sport Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) capabilities taking advanta... Read More about Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition.

Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Casagrande Hirono, F., Torija Martinez, A., Elliott, A., Taylor, J., Grimshaw, S., & Lefas, D. (2022, June). Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact. Presented at 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference, Southampton, UK

This paper discusses the aeroacoustic aspects of the design, construction and testing of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for future electric aircraft. An overview of the propulsor aerodynamic design is provided. Acoustic measurements mad... Read More about Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact.