Foot kinematics during walking measured using bone and surface mounted markers (2007)
Journal Article
Arndt, A., Nester, C., Howard, D., Liu, A., Wolf, P., Lundberg, A., …Lundgren, P. (2007). Foot kinematics during walking measured using bone and surface mounted markers. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(15), 3412-3423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.05.019

The aim was to compare kinematic data from an experimental foot model comprising four segments ((i) heel, (ii) navicular/cuboid (iii) medial forefoot, (iv) lateral forefoot), to the kinematics of the individual bones comprising each segment. The foot... Read More about Foot kinematics during walking measured using bone and surface mounted markers.

Predictive modelling of human walking over a complete gait cycle (2007)
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., & Howard, D. (2007). Predictive modelling of human walking over a complete gait cycle. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(7), 1567-1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.07.017

An inverse dynamics multi-segment model of the body was combined with optimisation techniques to simulate normal walking in the sagittal plane on level ground. Walking is formulated as an optimal motor task subject to multiple constraints with minimi... Read More about Predictive modelling of human walking over a complete gait cycle.

Assessment of 3D dynamic interactions between backpack and bearer using accelerometers and gyroscopes (2007)
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., Liu, A., Nester, C., & Howard, D. (2007). Assessment of 3D dynamic interactions between backpack and bearer using accelerometers and gyroscopes. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(2), 328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290%2807%2970324-X

Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking (2005)
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., & Howard, D. (2005). Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(4), 853-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.030

This paper describes an investigation into the biomechanical effects of load carriage dynamics on human locomotion performance. A whole body, inverse dynamics gait model has been developed which uses only kinematic input data to define the gait cycle... Read More about Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking.

Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., & Howard, D. Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(12), 2750-2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.001

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) whole body multi-segment model for inverse dynamics analysis over a complete gait cycle, based only on measured kinematic data. The sequence of inverse dynamics calculations differs significantly from the... Read More about Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics.