Bacterial adaptation to venom in snakes and arachnida

Esmaeilishirazifard, E; Usher, L; Trim, C; Denise, H; Sangal, V; Tyson, GH; Barlow, A; Redway, KF; Taylor, JD; Kremyda-Vlachou, M; Davies, S; Loftus, TD; Lock, MMG; Wright, K; Dalby, A; Snyder, LAS; Wuster, W; Trim, S; Moschos, SA

Abstract

Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually—predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America—are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 14, 2022
• Publication Date: May 23, 2022
• Deposit Date: Aug 11, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 11, 2022
• Journal: Microbiology Spectrum
• Print ISSN: 2165-0497
• Electronic ISSN: 2165-0497
• Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
• Volume: 10
• Issue: 3
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21
• Additional Information: Funders : University of Westminster;Bangor University;Kingston University;European Bioinformatics Institute;Northumbria University;Canterbury Christ Church University;HHS | U.S. Food and Drug Administration;Universität Potsdam;Venomtech Ltd; Projects : unspecified