Modeling and analysis of magnetic hybrid
nanoparticle (Au-Al2O3/blood) based drug delivery through a
bell-shaped occluded artery with Joule heating, viscous dissipation
and variable viscosity effects

Ghandi, R; Sharma, BK; Kumawat, C; Beg, OA

Abstract

The present work deals with the impact of hybrid nanoparticles (Au-Al2O3/Blood) on the
blood flow pattern through a porous cylindrical artery with bell-shaped stenosis in the presence of an external magnetic field, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation by considering twodimensional pulsatile blood flow. The temperature-dependent viscosity model is utilized in this
model. The blood flow is assumed to be unsteady, laminar, viscous, and incompressible. The
mild stenotic presumption normalizes and reduces the bi-directional flow to uni-directional.
The Crank-Nicolson scheme is applied to solve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The acquired results of the work are presented graphically. They have been examined for several values of the dimensionless parameters such as Magnetic number (M2
), Darcy number (Da), Grashof number (Gr), viscosity
parameter (β0), Reynolds number (Re), Eckert Number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), different
concentration of both the nanoparticles (φ1, φ2), and pressure gradient parameter (B1). The
velocity contours for different emerging parameters have been drawn to analyze the overall behavior of blood flow patterns. The non-dimensional velocity profile enhances with increment
in values of Da, implying that the medium’s permeability provides less barrier to flow. The
cumulative impact of Joule Heating and viscous dissipation are discussed. It demonstrates that
increasing viscous dissipation (Ec) and Joule heating (M2
) parameter simultaneously raise the
nanofluid temperature since the mechanical energy is transformed to thermal energy within
molecules, which causes a hike in temperature. The findings reveal that hybrid nanoparticles
(Au-Al2O3/blood) effectively reduce hemodynamic variables such as wall shear stress and
resistance impedance. Results indicate that nanoparticles may be helpful to keep the blood
velocity under control and allow the surgeons to adjust it as and when required. The present
work aims to get insight into the treatment of atherosclerosis without surgery, lower medical
costs, and reduce post-surgical complications. Also, it has broad implications in treating various conditions, including cancers, infections, and the removal of blood clots. The current
findings are consistent with recent findings in earlier blood flow research studies.

Citation

and variable viscosity effects. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 236(5), 2024-2043. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221080273

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 22, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Feb 21, 2022
• Publication Date: Feb 21, 2022
• Deposit Date: Jan 26, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 26, 2022
• Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E : Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
• Print ISSN: 0954-4089
• Electronic ISSN: 2041-3009
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• Volume: 236
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 2024-2043
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221080273
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221080273
• Related Public URLs: http://www.uk.sagepub.com/journals/Journal202019
• Additional Information: Access Information : This article is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in its final form in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. Users who receive access to an article through a repository are reminded that the article is protected by copyright and reuse is restricted to non-commercial and no derivative uses. Users may also download and save a local copy of an article accessed in an institutional repository for the user's personal reference.