On the geographic distribution of the bald uakaris (Cacajao calvus ssp.) in Brazilian Amazonia

Silva, FE; Lemos, LP; Ravetta, AL; Röhe, F; Sampaio, R; Franco, CLB; Santos, PMRS; Santana, MI; Valsecchi do Amaral, J; Endo, W; Haugaasen, T; Peres, CA; Boubli, JP

Abstract

An understanding of a species’ geographic distribution is essential to assess, plan, and develop strategies for its
conservation. The geographic distribution of the bald uakari, Cacajao calvus, and its component subspecies has been poorly
investigated, with disjunct distributions being reported in Brazil and Peru. In this study, we reveal new records of bald uakari
occurrence based on multi-year surveys, a literature review, and an examination of vouchers available in six zoological collections, clarifying the geographic distribution of all subspecies. We confirm that C. c. calvus has a disjunct distribution with
populations along the rios Tarauacá and Pauini, 250 km away from those on the left bank of middle Rio Juruá and lower Rio
Jutaí; and 650 km from the population of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (Mamirauá SDR). Cacajao c.
rubicundus has a disjunct distribution with three isolated populations 1) inhabiting the flooded forests of the Rio Solimões and
the Paraná (channel) Jacurapá, 2) the left bank of the lower Rio Jutaí; and 3) in the Auati-Paraná. Cacajao c. novaesi has the
smallest geographic distribution of the bald uakaris, occurring only in the Gregório-Tarauacá interfluvium. Cacajao c. novaesi
and C. c. calvus are separated by the Rio Tarauacá, which is also a significant geographic barrier for other primates, including
titi and saki monkeys. We also confirm the occurrence of Cacajao c. ucayalii in Brazil in the Serra do Divisor National Park.
This Peruvian subspecies has the most extensive range, with isolated populations found in areas completely separated from the
lowlands. The patchy distribution of Cacajao calvus provides a unique opportunity to understand how local environmental
variation may have promoted ecological flexibility for the successful establishment of isolated populations.

Citation

Silva, F., Lemos, L., Ravetta, A., Röhe, F., Sampaio, R., Franco, C., …Boubli, J. (2021). On the geographic distribution of the bald uakaris (Cacajao calvus ssp.) in Brazilian Amazonia. Primate conservation, 35, 1-18

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: Jan 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Nov 4, 2021
• Journal: Primate Conservation
• Print ISSN: 0898-6207
• Volume: 35
• Pages: 1-18
• Publisher URL: http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/28462999/1630156848247/PC35_Silva_et_al_Bald_Uakari_distributions.pdf?token=RX8OjJxIU4SsXijoWjREotw5yps%3D
• Related Public URLs: http://www.primate-sg.org/primate_conservation/
• Additional Information: Access Information : This article can be read for free using the link above.; Funders : Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq);National Geographic Society;The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP);International Primatological Society;The Rufford Foundation;Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation; Grant Number: 301925/ 2021-6, 303579/ 2014-5, 302140/ 2020-4, 200502/ 2015-8, 312820/ 2015-1, 312545/ 2016-9, 300022/ 2017-4, 300504/ 2019-5, 300303/ 2020-3, 301059/ 2020-9, 300365/ 2021-7, 200502/ 2015-8, 302140/ 2020-4; Grant Number: WW122EC-17; Grant Number: 2017/08461-8; Grant Number: 23117-2; Grant Number: SMA-CCO-G0000000023