An integrative analysis uncovers a new, pseudo-cryptic species of Amazonian marmoset (Primates: Callitrichidae: Mico) from the arc of deforestation

Costa-Araújo, R; Silva-Jr., JS; Boubli, JP; Rossi, RV; Canale, GR; Melo, FR; Bertuol, F; Silva, FE; Silva, DA; Nash, SD; Sampaio, I; Farias, IP; Hrbek, T

Abstract

Amazonia has the richest primate fauna in the world. Nonetheless, the diversity and distribution of Amazonian primates remain little known and the scarcity of baseline data challenges their conservation. These challenges are especially acute in the Amazonian arc of deforestation, the 2500 km long southern edge of the Amazonian biome that is rapidly being deforested and converted to agricultural and pastoral landscapes. Amazonian marmosets of the genus Mico are little known endemics of this region and therefore a priority for research and conservation efforts. However, even nascent conservation efforts are hampered by taxonomic uncertainties in this group, such as the existence of a potentially new species from the Juruena–Teles Pires interfluve hidden within the M. emiliae epithet. Here we test if these marmosets belong to a distinct species using new morphological, phylogenomic, and geographic distribution data analysed within an integrative taxonomic framework. We discovered a new, pseudo-cryptic Mico species hidden within the epithet M. emiliae, here described and named after Horacio Schneider, the pioneer of molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical primates. We also clarify the distribution, evolutionary and morphological relationships of four other Mico species, bridging Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls in the conservation of primates in the Amazonian arc of deforestation.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 23, 2021
• Publication Date: Aug 2, 2021
• Deposit Date: Aug 3, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 3, 2021
• Journal: Scientific Reports
• Print ISSN: 2045-2322
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 15665
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93943-w
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93943-w
• Related Public URLs: http://www.nature.com/srep
• Additional Information: Additional Information : ** From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications Router ** Licence for this article: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ **Journal IDs: eissn 2045-2322 **Article IDs: publisher-id: s41598-021-93943-w; manuscript: 93943 **History: collection 12-2021; online 02-08-2021; published 02-08-2021; registration 05-07-2021; accepted 23-06-2021; submitted 29-03-2021; Funders : Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas;Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;Conservation Leadership Programme;Global Wildlife Conservation’s Margot Marsh Primate Action Fund;Idea Wild;National Science Foundation;Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de São Paulo;Natural Environment Research Council (NERC);Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso;Natural Environment Research Council; Projects : "Rise of the continent of the monkeys": an integrated genomic and fossil-based analysis of the adaptive radiation of New World primates;F02304217;unspecified;1241066;NE/T000341/1; Grant Number: 140039/2018-1; Grant Number: 302140/2020-4; Grant Number: 001; Grant Number: F02304217; Grant Number: 6002856; Grant Number: 1241066; Grant Number: 12/50260-6; Grant Number: NE/T000341/1; Grant Number: 477017/2011