Restoring perivascular adipose tissue function in obesity using exercise

Saxton, SN; Toms, LK; Aldous, RG; Withers, SB; Ohanian, J; Heagerty, AM

Abstract

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect which is vital in regulating vascular tone. This effect is mediated via sympathetic nervous stimulation of PVAT by a mechanism which involves noradrenaline uptake through organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and β -adrenoceptor-mediated adiponectin release. In obesity, autonomic dysfunction occurs, which may result in a loss of PVAT function and subsequent vascular disease. Accordingly, we have investigated abnormalities in obese PVAT, and the potential for exercise in restoring function. Vascular contractility to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed ex vivo in the presence of pharmacological tools in ±PVAT vessels from obese and exercised obese mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of β -adrenoceptors, OCT3 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in PVAT. High fat feeding induced hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, which was reversed using exercise, independent of weight loss. Obesity induced a loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect, which could not be restored via β -adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, adiponectin no longer exerts vasodilation. Additionally, exercise reversed PVAT dysfunction in obesity by reducing inflammation of PVAT and increasing β -adrenoceptor and OCT3 expression, which were downregulated in obesity. Furthermore, the vasodilator effects of adiponectin were restored. Loss of neutrally mediated PVAT anti-contractile function in obesity will contribute to the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Exercise training will restore function and treat the vascular complications of obesity.

Citation

Saxton, S., Toms, L., Aldous, R., Withers, S., Ohanian, J., & Heagerty, A. (2021). Restoring perivascular adipose tissue function in obesity using exercise. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 35(6), 1291-1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 21, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Mar 9, 2021
• Publication Date: Dec 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Mar 23, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 23, 2021
• Journal: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
• Print ISSN: 0920-3206
• Electronic ISSN: 1573-7241
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Volume: 35
• Issue: 6
• Pages: 1291-1304
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0
• Related Public URLs: http://link.springer.com/journal/10557
• Additional Information: Additional Information : ** From PubMed via Jisc Publications Router **Journal IDs: eissn 1573-7241 **Article IDs: pubmed: 33687595; pii: 10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0 **History: accepted 21-12-2020