The effects of port water injection on spark ignition engine performance and emissions fueled by pure gasoline, E5 and E10

Salek, F; Babaie, M; Redel-Macias, MD; Ghodsi, A; Hosseini, SV; Nourian, A; Burby, ML; Zare, A

Abstract

It has been proven that vehicle emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are negatively affecting the health of human beings as well as the environment. In addition, it was recently highlighted that air pollution may result in people being more vulnerable to the deadly COVID-19 virus. The use of biofuels such as E5 and E10 as alternatives of gasoline fuel have been recommended by different researchers. In this paper, the impacts of port injection of water to a spark ignition engine fueled by gasoline, E5 and E10 on its performance and NOx production have been investigated. The experimental work was undertaken using a KIA Cerato engine and the results were used to validate an AVL BOOST model. To develop the numerical analysis, design of experiment (DOE) method was employed. The results showed that by increasing the ethanol fraction in gasoline/ethanol blend, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved between 2.3% and 4.5%. However, the level of NOx increased between 22% to 48%. With port injection of water up to 8%, there was up to 1% increase in engine power whereas NOx and BSFC were reduced by 8% and 1%, respectively. The impacts of simultaneous changing of the start of combustion (SOC) and water injection rate on engine power and NOx production was also investigated. It was found that the NOx concentration is very sensitive to SOC variation.

Citation

Salek, F., Babaie, M., Redel-Macias, M., Ghodsi, A., Hosseini, S., Nourian, A., …Zare, A. (2020). The effects of port water injection on spark ignition engine performance and emissions fueled by pure gasoline, E5 and E10. Processes, 8(10), e1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101214

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 22, 2020
• Publication Date: Sep 27, 2020
• Deposit Date: Sep 29, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 29, 2020
• Journal: Processes
• Publisher: MDPI
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 10
• Pages: e1214
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101214
• Keywords: E10 biofuel, Ethanol, NOx, water port injection, start of combustion
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101214
• Related Public URLs: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes
• Additional Information: Additional Information : ** From MDPI via Jisc Publications Router ** Licence for this article: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ **Journal IDs: eissn 2227-9717 **History: published 27-09-2020; accepted 22-09-2020