A review on recent advancements in the hemodynamics of nano-drug delivery systems

Beg, OA; Tripathi, J; Vasu, B; Gorla, RSR; Murthy, PVSN; Saikrishnan, P

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed
countries. CVD is produced by atherosclerotic lesions that reduce arterial lumen size through
plaque formation and arterial thickening. This decreases blood flow to the heart and frequently
manifests in severe hemodynamic complications like myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. A
drug delivery system (DDS) is a clinical methodology (formulation or device) which enables the
introduction of a therapeutic substance into the body and improves its efficacy and safety by
controlling the rate, time, and place of release of drugs in the body. Drug delivery technologies
modify drug release profile, absorption, distribution and elimination for the benefit of improving
product effectiveness and patient convenience and compliance. The review explores extensively
hemodynamic aspects of the cardiovascular system and diseases which can be treated via nanodrug delivery with a comprehensive overview of research efforts in these areas. Nanomedicine is
an expeditiously growing science in which biomaterials (drugs) engineered at the nanoscale are
implemented to enhance therapeutic performance and improve patient treatments. Among the
many other diverse applications of nanomaterials in medicine (e.g. bio-UIRtribology, tissue repair,
orthopaedic implants etc), nano-drug delivery systems have emerged as among the most
promising. This technology has evolved into a significant platform for delivering successfully
remedial agents to diseased sites with substantially greater target control, precision and
sophistication. By greatly increasing site specificity, lowering toxicity and target-oriented
2
delivery, nanotechnological drug delivery (“nano-pharmacodynamics”) has consistently achieved
very impressive consistency, benefits and has aided massively in the fight against potentially lethal
haemotological diseases. Recently, nanomedicine has embraced an even wider range of
applications including the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, diabetes
regulation, sterilization, cancer and tumour inhibition, rheumatic fever mitigation etc. The current
review presents a comprehensive appraisal of nano-drug delivery systems, simulation with
engineering methods, types of nanodrugs and their effectiveness. The excellent targeting properties
attainable with magnetic nanoparticles as engineering pharmacodynamic agents, in particular,
offers huge potential in the treatment of many complex hemodynamic disorders. Furthermore, the
present review summarizes the efficiency of drug carrier nanoparticles in mitigating the adverse
effects of stenosed blood vessels and outlines other future potential uses for nano-drugs in
biomedical applications.

Citation

Beg, O., Tripathi, J., Vasu, B., Gorla, R., Murthy, P., & Saikrishnan, P. (2020). A review on recent advancements in the hemodynamics of nano-drug delivery systems. Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal, 11(1), 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1615/NanoSciTechnolIntJ.2020033448

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 11, 2020
• Online Publication Date: May 6, 2020
• Publication Date: May 6, 2020
• Deposit Date: Feb 11, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: May 6, 2021
• Journal: Nanoscience and Technology : An International Journal
• Print ISSN: 2572-4258
• Electronic ISSN: 2572-4266
• Publisher: Begell House
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 73-98
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1615/NanoSciTechnolIntJ.2020033448
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1615/NanoSciTechnolIntJ.2020033448
• Related Public URLs: https://www.begellhouse.com/journals/nanoscience-and-technology.html