Does speed of processing or vocabulary size predict later language growth in toddlers?

Peter, MS; Durrant, S; Jessop, A; Bidgood, A; Pine, JM; Rowland, CF

Abstract

It is becoming increasingly clear that the way that children acquire cognitive representations depends critically on how their processing system is developing. In particular, recent studies suggest that individual differences in language processing speed play an important role in explaining the speed with which children acquire language. Inconsistencies across studies, however, mean that it is not clear whether this relationship is causal or correlational, whether it is present right across development, or whether it extends beyond word learning to affect other aspects of language learning, like syntax acquisition. To address these issues, the current study used the looking-while-listening paradigm devised by Fernald, Swingley, and Pinto (2001) to test the speed with which a large longitudinal cohort of children (the Language 0–5 Project) pro-cessed language at 19, 25, and 31 months of age, and took multiple measures of vocabulary (UK-CDI, Lincoln CDI, CDI-III) and syntax (Lincoln CDI) between 8 and 37 months of age. Processing speed correlated with vocabulary size - though this relationship changed over time, and was observed only when there was variation in how well the items used in the looking-while-listening task were known. Fast processing speed was a positive predictor of subsequent vocabulary growth, but only for children with smaller vocabularies. Faster processing speed did, however, predict faster syntactic growth across the whole sample, even when controlling for concurrent vocabulary. The results indicate a relatively direct relationship between processing speed and syntactic development, but point to a more complex interaction between processing speed, vocabulary size and subsequent vocabulary growth.

Citation

Peter, M., Durrant, S., Jessop, A., Bidgood, A., Pine, J., & Rowland, C. (2019). Does speed of processing or vocabulary size predict later language growth in toddlers?. Cognitive Psychology, 115, 101238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.101238

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 25, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Sep 17, 2019
• Publication Date: Dec 1, 2019
• Deposit Date: Sep 20, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 20, 2019
• Journal: Cognitive Psychology
• Print ISSN: 0010-0285
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Volume: 115
• Pages: 101238
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.101238
• Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.101238
• Related Public URLs: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/cognitive-psychology
• Additional Information: Funders : Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC);International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD) at the University of Liverpool; Projects : International Centre for Language and Communicative Development; Grant Number: ES/L008955/1