Computation of stagnation coating flow of electro-conductive ternary Williamson hybrid 𝑮𝑶 − 𝑨𝑼 − 𝑪𝒐𝟑𝑶𝟒/𝑬𝑶 nanofluid with a Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model and magnetic induction

Latha, KBS; Gnaneswara Reddy, M; Tripathi, D; Bég, O Anwar; Kuharat, S

Abstract

Modern smart coating systems are increasingly exploiting functional materials which combine
multiple features including rheology, electromagnetic properties and nanotechnological
capabilities and provide a range of advantages in diverse operations including medical, energy
and transport designs (aerospace, marine, automotive). The simulation of the industrial
synthesis of these multi-faceted coatings (including stagnation flow deposition processes)
requires advanced mathematical models which can address multiple effects simultaneously.
Inspired by these demands, the present work examines theoretically and numerically the
coupled magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian transport in Hiemenz plane stagnation flow
and heat transfer of a ternary hybrid nanofluid coating under a transverse static magnetic field.
The base fluid (polymeric) considered is engine-oil (EO) doped with graphene (𝐺𝑂), gold (𝐴𝑢)
and Cobalt oxide (𝐶𝑜3𝑂4
) nanoparticles. Non-linear radiation, heat source, convective wall
heating and magnetic induction effects are incorporated in the model. The Williamson model
is deployed for non-Newtonian characteristics and the Rosseland diffusion flux model for
radiative transfer. Additionally, a non-Fourier Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model is utilized to
include thermal relaxation effects. The governing partial differential conservation equations for
mass, momentum, energy and magnetic induction are rendered into a system of coupled self-similar and non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with associated boundary restrictions using appropriate scaling transformations. The emerging dimensionless boundary value problem is solved with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method provided in the bvp4c builtin function of MATLAB software. A detailed appraisal of the effects of key control parameters
on velocity 𝑓′(𝜁), induced magnetic field stream function gradient 𝑔′(𝜁) and temperature 𝜃(𝜁)
is conducted. The relative performance of ternary, hybrid binary and unitary nanofluids for all
transport characteristics is evaluated. Verification of the MATLAB solutions with previous
studies is included. Fluid velocity is observed to be minimized for the ternary GO- Au -Co3O4
nanofluid whereas the velocity is maximized for the unitary cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanofluid
with increasing magnetic parameter (𝛽). Temperatures are elevated with increment in thermal
radiation parameter (Rd). Streamlines are strongly modified in local regions with greater
viscoelasticity i.e. higher Weissenberg number (𝑊𝑒). Dimensionless skin friction is
significantly greater for the ternary hybrid 𝐺𝑂-𝐴𝑢-𝐶𝑜3𝑂4/𝐸𝑂 nanofluid compared with binary
hybrid or unitary nanofluid cases.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 17, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Jul 6, 2023
• Publication Date: Jul 6, 2023
• Deposit Date: Jun 18, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 7, 2856
• Journal: Scientific Reports
• Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 13
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37197-8