The case of the monarch butterfly: A verdict is returned

Gatehouse, A; Ferry, N; Raemaekers, R

Abstract

A publication reporting the harmful effects on the monarch butterfly of maize genetically modified to express insecticidal δ-endotoxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) caused much public interest. A series of ecologically based studies were subsequently carried out to evaluate rigorously the impact of pollen from such crops and to quantify the risks. The results demonstrated that the commercial large-scale cultivation of current Bt—maize hybrids did not pose a significant risk to the monarch population. Further studies also demonstrated that Bt-expressing crops posed little risk to other nontarget insects, including beneficial insects such as pollinators and natural enemies.

Citation

Gatehouse, A., Ferry, N., & Raemaekers, R. (2002). The case of the monarch butterfly: A verdict is returned. Trends in Genetics, 18(5), 249-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525%2802%2902664-1

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: May 1, 2002
• Deposit Date: Jul 28, 2023
• Journal: Trends in Genetics
• Print ISSN: 0168-9525
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 249-251
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525%2802%2902664-1