Autism spectrum disorder, extremism and risk assessment

Allely, Clare S.; Jouenne, Emma; Westphal, Alexander; Staufenberg, Ekkehart; Murphy, David

Abstract

Background: To date, there is no evidence supporting the existence of an association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and extremism in the general population. However, there is increasing recognition that several features of ASD may provide the context of vulnerability to engage in extremist behaviour. Aims: This paper sets out the case for a dedicated clinical approach to better integrate clinical risk appraisal processes with an assessment of ASD individuals' vulnerabilities within the Criminal Justice System. Methods and Results: In this paper the Framework for the Assessment of Risk & Protection in Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum (FARAS): A Guide for Risk Assessors Working with Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum is explored. In developing the FARAS, Al‐Attar proposed seven facets of ASD that ‘may have different functional links with push and pull factors to terrorism’ (p. 928), which include circumscribed interests; rich vivid fantasy and impaired social imagination; need for order, rules, rituals, routine and predictability; obsessionality, repetition and collecting; social interaction and communication difficulties; cognitive styles and Sensory processing. Discussion and Conclusion: We describe the FARAS within the context of the most widely used clinical risk appraisal ‘aide memoire’ instruments integral to the Structured Professional Judgement of risk process, namely the HCR20v3.

Citation

Allely, C. S., Jouenne, E., Westphal, A., Staufenberg, E., & Murphy, D. (in press). Autism spectrum disorder, extremism and risk assessment. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2330

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 4, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Feb 11, 2024
• Deposit Date: Feb 21, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 21, 2024
• Journal: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
• Print ISSN: 0957-9664
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2330
• Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, lone‐actor terrorism, risk assessment, radicalisation, FARAS, extremism