Struck-Out Handwritten Word Detection and Restoration for Automatic Descriptive Answer Evaluation

Zhong, Dajian; Palaiahnakote, Shivakumara; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Yue

Abstract

Unlike objective type evaluation, descriptive answer evaluation is challenging due to unpredictable answers and free writing style of answers. Because of these, descriptive answer evaluation has received special attention from many researchers. Automatic answer evaluation is useful for the following situations. It can avoid human intervention for marking, eliminates bias marking and most important is that it can save huge manpower. To develop an efficient and accurate system, there are several open challenges. One such open challenge is cleaning the document, which includes struck-out words removal and restoring the struck-out words. In this paper, we have proposed a system for struck-out handwritten word detection and restoration for automatic descriptive answer evaluation. The work has two stages. In the first stage, we explore the combination of ResNet50 and the diagonal line (principal and secondary diagonal lines) segmentation module for detecting words and then classifying struck-out words using a classification network. In the second stage, we explore the combination of U-Net as a backbone and Bi-LSTM for predicting pixels that represent actual text information of the struck-out words based on the relationship between sequences of pixels for restoration. Experimental results on our dataset and standard datasets show that the proposed model is impressive for struck-out word detection and restoration. A comparative study with the state-of-the-art methods shows that the proposed approach outperforms the existing models in terms of struck-out word detection and restoration.

Citation

Zhong, D., Palaiahnakote, S., Pal, U., & Lu, Y. (2025). Struck-Out Handwritten Word Detection and Restoration for Automatic Descriptive Answer Evaluation. Signal Processing: Image Communication, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2024.117214

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 23, 2024
• Publication Date: 2025-01
• Deposit Date: Sep 23, 2024
• Journal: Signal Processing: Image Communication
• Print ISSN: 0923-5965
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2024.117214
• Keywords: Cleaning the handwritten document; Erasing handwritten words; Stuck-out words; Non- struck-out words; Answer script evaluation