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Sound speed profile structure and variability measured over flat terrain (2006)
Presentation / Conference
Waddington, D., von Hünerbein, S., & Bradley, S. (2006, July). Sound speed profile structure and variability measured over flat terrain. Presented at 13th International Conference on Sound and Vibration, Vienna, Austria

This paper describes a fundamental data base and data-variability guide for outdoor sound propagation models requiring sound speed profiles. The vertical sound speed profile has been measured directly over an extended period at a flat terrain site an... Read More about Sound speed profile structure and variability measured over flat terrain.

SODAR measurements of wind vortex strength and position (2006)
Presentation / Conference
Bradley, S., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., & von Hünerbein, S. (2006, July). SODAR measurements of wind vortex strength and position. Presented at International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

A method is described for real-time visualisation of aircraft wing-tip vortices based on measurement data from a line array of SODARs. Every 2 s a ‘snapshot’ is taken of the atmospheric vertical velocity field above the SODARs. This provides a grid... Read More about SODAR measurements of wind vortex strength and position.

Calibration of SODARs for wind energy applications (2006)
Presentation / Conference
von Hünerbein, S., Antoniou, I., Jorgensen, H., Kindler, D., & Bradley, S. (2006, July). Calibration of SODARs for wind energy applications. Presented at International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

Traditionally SODAR wind profilers have been assumed to be largely self-calibrated, with measurement errors mostly random. However, increasing demand for accuracy in applications such as wind energy demand robust calibration and intercomparison proce... Read More about Calibration of SODARs for wind energy applications.

Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds (2005)
Journal Article
Bradley, S., von Hünerbein, S., & Haddad, A. (2005). Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds. Acta acustica united with Acustica, 91(6), 1025-1030

A technique is described for multiple-path propagation time measurements in the surface layer of the atmosphere. This is based on solving simple bi-directional ray tracing equations on successively higher penetrating paths using propagation times for... Read More about Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds.

SODAR calibration for wind energy applications, final reporting on WP3, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297 (2005)
Report
Bradley, S., Antoniou, I., von Hünerbein, S., Kindler, D., Jorgensen, H., & De Noord, M. (2005). SODAR calibration for wind energy applications, final reporting on WP3, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297

The method traditionally used for measuring the wind speed and direction for wind energy purposes is to record the output from cup or propeller anemometers and vanes at several heights on a mast. As turbines have grown in height, this method has bec... Read More about SODAR calibration for wind energy applications, final reporting on WP3, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297.

On the theory of SODAR measurement techniques (final reporting on WP1, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297) (2003)
Report
Antoniou, I., Jorgensen, H., Ormel, F., Bradley, S., von Hünerbein, S., Emeis, S., & Warmbier, G. (2003). On the theory of SODAR measurement techniques (final reporting on WP1, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297)

The need for alternative means to measure the wind speed for wind energy purposes has increased with the increase of the size of wind turbines. The cost and the technical difficulties for performing wind speed measurements has also increased with t... Read More about On the theory of SODAR measurement techniques (final reporting on WP1, EU WISE project NNE5-2001-297).

A doppler sodar case study of top-down convection and convective dissipation of stratus (2002)
Journal Article
von Hünerbein, S., & Richner, H. (2002). A doppler sodar case study of top-down convection and convective dissipation of stratus. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19(8), 1170-1180. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426%282002%29019%3C1170%3AADSCSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Stratus dissipation over the Swiss Plateau has long been a forecasting problem. A case study of stratus structure and development was conducted during the winter of 1997/98. Measurements were performed with the monostatic Doppler sodar of the Swiss F... Read More about A doppler sodar case study of top-down convection and convective dissipation of stratus.

Automatic detection of microphone wind noise : maximising accuracy of amplitude modulation ratings
Presentation / Conference
von Hünerbein, S., Cox, T., Kendrick, P., & Bradley, S. Automatic detection of microphone wind noise : maximising accuracy of amplitude modulation ratings. Presented at Wind Turbine Sound 2016, Gdansk, Poland

Microphone wind noise can corrupt outdoor measurements and recordings. It is a particular problem for wind turbine measurements because these cannot be carried out when the wind speed is low. Wind shields can be used, but often the sound level from t... Read More about Automatic detection of microphone wind noise : maximising accuracy of amplitude modulation ratings.

Using blind signal processing algorithms to remove wind noise from environmental noise assessments : a wind turbine amplitude modulation case study
Journal Article
Kendrick, P., von Hünerbein, S., & Cox, T. Using blind signal processing algorithms to remove wind noise from environmental noise assessments : a wind turbine amplitude modulation case study. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 138(3), 1731-1732. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4933451

Microphone wind noise can corrupt outdoor measurements and recordings. It is a particular problem for wind turbine measurements because these cannot be carried out when the wind speed is low. Wind shields can be used, but often the sound level from... Read More about Using blind signal processing algorithms to remove wind noise from environmental noise assessments : a wind turbine amplitude modulation case study.

Precision measurements of wind turbine noise using a large aperture microphone array
Presentation / Conference
Bradley, S., Mikkelsen, T., von Hünerbein, S., & Legg, M. Precision measurements of wind turbine noise using a large aperture microphone array. Presented at 6th Berlin Beamforming Conference, Berlin

Experiments are described with a large microphone array (40 m scale) recording wind turbine noise. The array comprised 42 purpose-designed low-noise microphones simultaneously sampled at 20 kHz. Very high quality, fast, meteorological profile data wa... Read More about Precision measurements of wind turbine noise using a large aperture microphone array.

SODAR measurements of wing vortex strength and position
Journal Article
Bradley, S., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., & von Hünerbein, S. SODAR measurements of wing vortex strength and position. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 24(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH2037.1

A method is developed for robust real-time visualisation of aircraft vortex spatial and temporal development based on measurement data from a line array of SODARs. The method relies on using a potential-flow vortex model, with spatial averaging accor... Read More about SODAR measurements of wing vortex strength and position.

A systematic algorithm for obtaining SODAR wind profiles
Journal Article
Bradley, S., & von Hünerbein, S. A systematic algorithm for obtaining SODAR wind profiles. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 85(1-3), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-003-0035-x

Current methods of obtaining wind profiles from SODARs generally employ ad hoc strategies for Doppler spectrum peak selection, profile smoothing, and consistency checks. This paper addresses the problem of systematically obtaining vertical profiles o... Read More about A systematic algorithm for obtaining SODAR wind profiles.

Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds
Presentation / Conference
Bradley, S., von Hünerbein, S., & Haddad, A. Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds. Presented at International Workshop on Tomography and Acoustics, Leipzig, Germany

A technique is described for multiple-path propagation time measurements in the surface layer of the atmosphere. This is based on solving simple bi-directional ray tracing equations on successively higher penetrating paths using propagation times for... Read More about Atmospheric acoustic interferometer tomography of temperature and winds.