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The effects of high and low rates of food reinforcement on the behaviour of pigs (1996)
Journal Article
Young, R., & Lawrence, A. (1996). The effects of high and low rates of food reinforcement on the behaviour of pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 49(4), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591%2896%2901052-0

The expression of one behaviour by an animal limits the amount of time available to express other behaviours. In this experiment the amount of time animals had to forage was manipulated by decreasing the rate of food reinforcement available from a fo... Read More about The effects of high and low rates of food reinforcement on the behaviour of pigs.

The effect of a moving bait on the behaviour of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) (1996)
Journal Article
Williams, B., Waran, N., Carruthers, J., & Young, R. (1996). The effect of a moving bait on the behaviour of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Animal Welfare Journal, 5(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962728600018856

Members of the cat family are highly motivated to hunt, but in captivity are unable to do so for a variety of reasons. This inability to hunt may reduce their welfare. In this study we used a moving bait to stimulate and release hunting motivation in... Read More about The effect of a moving bait on the behaviour of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).

Towards an expert system for enantioseparations: induction of rules using machine learning (1996)
Journal Article
Bryant, C., Adam, A., Taylor, D., & Rowe, R. (1996). Towards an expert system for enantioseparations: induction of rules using machine learning. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 34(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439%2896%2900016-0

A commercially available machine induction tool was used in an attempt to automate the acquisition of the knowledge needed for an expert system for enantioseparations by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using Pirkle-type chiral stationary phase... Read More about Towards an expert system for enantioseparations: induction of rules using machine learning.

The effect of a foraging device (a modified ‘Edinburgh Foodball’) on the behaviour of the stabled horse (1996)
Journal Article
Winskill, L., Waran, N., & Young, R. (1996). The effect of a foraging device (a modified ‘Edinburgh Foodball’) on the behaviour of the stabled horse. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 48(1-2), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591%2895%2901021-1

Horses that are stabled under confined conditions may develop stereotypies (e.g. stall-walking), which may be caused by the inability of horses to express foraging behaviour. The objective of this study was to determine whether horses will use a fora... Read More about The effect of a foraging device (a modified ‘Edinburgh Foodball’) on the behaviour of the stabled horse.

On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator, Using the Giraffe (Glraffa Camelopardalis) as a Model (1996)
Journal Article
Veasey, J., Waran, N., & Young, R. (1996). On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator, Using the Giraffe (Glraffa Camelopardalis) as a Model. Animal Welfare Journal, 5(2), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962728600018571

To assess the validity of using wild behavioural data as a welfare indicator for zoo animals, the time budgets of 19 captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), from four zoos were compared with the time budgets of wild giraffe from Hwange National Par... Read More about On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator, Using the Giraffe (Glraffa Camelopardalis) as a Model.

On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator (1996)
Journal Article
Veasey, J. S., Waran, N. K., & Young, R. J. (1996). On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator. Animal Welfare Journal, 5(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600018297

It is commonly assumed that animals suffer if they cannot perform behaviours seen in wild conspecifics. Although comparisons with the behaviour of wild conspecifics are a popular method of assessing the welfare of captive animals, their validity has... Read More about On Comparing the Behaviour of Zoo Housed Animals with Wild Conspecifics as a Welfare Indicator.

Assessment of motivation in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus (1996)
Journal Article
Skelton, T., Waran, N., & Young, R. (1996). Assessment of motivation in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus. Animal Welfare Journal, 5(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962728600018340

The purpose of this study was to assess whether running an alleyway can be used to measure the motivation of lizards. Six, eyed skinks, Chalcides ocellatus, were trained to run an alleyway to reach sand in which to hide. Each skink was deprived of sa... Read More about Assessment of motivation in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus.

Development framework approach to heterogeneous system design for control systems (1996)
Journal Article
Baxter, M., Bass, J., Browne, A., Hajji, M., Tokhi, M., Croll, P., & Fleming, P. (1996). Development framework approach to heterogeneous system design for control systems. Control Engineering Practice, 4(2), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0661%2895%2900230-8

An integrated environment of software development tools, known as the Development Framework, which automates the design process for complex real-time embedded control systems, is introduced. The approach favoured here is to maximise the use of commer... Read More about Development framework approach to heterogeneous system design for control systems.

Nondiffracting beams: travelling, standing, rotating and spiral waves (1996)
Journal Article
Chávez-Cerda, S., Mcdonald, G., & New, G. (1996). Nondiffracting beams: travelling, standing, rotating and spiral waves. Optics Communications, 123(1-3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018%2895%2900538-2

A reformulation of nondiffracting beams, based on more general (travelling wave) solutions of the nonparaxial wave equation, is presented. Zero order nondiffracting beams are found to be radial standing waves arising from counterpropagating zero orde... Read More about Nondiffracting beams: travelling, standing, rotating and spiral waves.

Towards automatic modelling of requirements (1996)
Journal Article
Meziane, F., & Vadera, S. (1996). Towards automatic modelling of requirements. Malaysian journal of computer science, 9(2), 1-13

The first phases of the FORSEN system that helps the analyst to use an informal specification as the basis of producing a formal specification and concerns the modelisation of the requirements into entity relationship models (ERM) is described. The m... Read More about Towards automatic modelling of requirements.

Subjective perception of seat dip attenuation (1996)
Journal Article
Davies, W., Cox, T., & Lam, Y. (1996). Subjective perception of seat dip attenuation. Acta acustica united with Acustica, 82(5), 784-792

An investigation has been conducted into the subjective perception of the seat dip effect (a low-frequency attenuation affecting sound travelling at grazing incidence over seating). In a realistic simulation of a concert hall sound field, the thresho... Read More about Subjective perception of seat dip attenuation.

Historic parish church alterations and the law: has the dust finally settled (1996)
Journal Article
Chynoweth, P. (1996). Historic parish church alterations and the law: has the dust finally settled. Structural survey, 14(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000000013

Examines recent forms of the listed building legislation in the context of alterations to listed parish churches. Identifies the effect of a church listing and notes the origins and legislative effect of the Ecclesiastical Exemption. Explains the wor... Read More about Historic parish church alterations and the law: has the dust finally settled.