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Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running (2007)
Journal Article
Arndt, A., Stacoff, A., Wolf, P., Nester, C., Liu, A., Jones, R., …Lundberg, A. (2007). Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(12), 2672-2678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.12.009

An accurate kinematic description of the intrinsic articulations of the foot during running has not previously been presented, primarily due to methodological limitations. An invasive method based upon reflective marker arrays mounted on intracortica... Read More about Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running.

Intrinsic foot motion measured in vivo during barefoot running (2006)
Journal Article
Arndt, A., Wolf, P., Nester, C., Liu, A., Jones, R., Howard, D., …Lundberg, A. (2006). Intrinsic foot motion measured in vivo during barefoot running. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(Supp.1), S182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290%2806%2983644-4

Knowledge of the natural range of motion of individual skeletal segments in the foot during running is necessary for the construction of appropriate stability parameters in athletic footwear. Globally restricting intrinsic motion of the foot may r... Read More about Intrinsic foot motion measured in vivo during barefoot running.

Invasive study of rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking (2006)
Journal Article
Nester, C., Jones, R., Liu, A., Howard, D., Lundberg, A., Arndt, T., …Wolf, P. (2006). Invasive study of rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(Supp.1), S77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290%2806%2983195-7

There is a dearth of quality information on the kinematics of the mid and forefoot during ambulation. We investigated the kinematics of the tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, first and fifth metatarsals during wa... Read More about Invasive study of rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking.

Automated design of robust discriminant analysis classifier for foot pressure lesions using kinematic data (2005)
Journal Article
Goulermas, J., Findlow, A., Nester, C., Howard, D., & Bowker, P. (2005). Automated design of robust discriminant analysis classifier for foot pressure lesions using kinematic data. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 52(9), 1549-1562. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2005.851519

In the recent years, the use of motion tracking systems for acquisition of functional biomechanical gait data, has received increasing interest due to the richness and accuracy of the measured kinematic information. However, costs frequently restrict... Read More about Automated design of robust discriminant analysis classifier for foot pressure lesions using kinematic data.

Finite element analysis of footwear and ground interaction (2005)
Journal Article
Sun, Z., Howard, D., & Moatamedi, M. (2005). Finite element analysis of footwear and ground interaction. Strain, 41(3), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2005.00205.x

Military boots are designed to prevent the soft tissue and skeletal structure of the feet from damage under heavy usage. Good slip-resistant tread patterns of the outer-sole are vital to minimise the risk or severity of slipping under demanding condi... Read More about Finite element analysis of footwear and ground interaction.

Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking (2005)
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., & Howard, D. (2005). Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(4), 853-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.030

This paper describes an investigation into the biomechanical effects of load carriage dynamics on human locomotion performance. A whole body, inverse dynamics gait model has been developed which uses only kinematic input data to define the gait cycle... Read More about Dynamic analysis of load carriage biomechanics during level walking.

Optimization of legged robot locomotion by control of foot-force distribution (2004)
Journal Article
Jiang, W., Liu, A., & Howard, D. (2004). Optimization of legged robot locomotion by control of foot-force distribution. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 26(4), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1191/0142331204tm124oa

The contribution of this paper is the introduction of three new pseudo-inverse formulations for the real-time control of foot-force distribution in multi-legged walking machines. Three alternative locomotion performance objectives are proposed for th... Read More about Optimization of legged robot locomotion by control of foot-force distribution.

Development of an improved rigid body of the foot (2004)
Journal Article
Liu, A., Nester, C., Ward, E., Howard, D., Derrick, T., Cocheba, J., & Patterson, P. (2004). Development of an improved rigid body of the foot. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 34(9),

Predicting lower limb joint kinematics using wearable motion sensors
Journal Article
Findlow, A., GOULERMAS, J., Nester, C., Howard, D., & Kenney, L. Predicting lower limb joint kinematics using wearable motion sensors. Gait & Posture, 28(1), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.11.001

The aim of this study was to estimate sagittal plane ankle, knee and hip gait kinematics using 3D angular velocity and linear acceleration data from motion sensors on the foot and shank. We explored the accuracy of intra-subject predictions (i.e., wh... Read More about Predicting lower limb joint kinematics using wearable motion sensors.

Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics
Journal Article
Ren, L., Jones, R., & Howard, D. Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(12), 2750-2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.001

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) whole body multi-segment model for inverse dynamics analysis over a complete gait cycle, based only on measured kinematic data. The sequence of inverse dynamics calculations differs significantly from the... Read More about Whole body inverse dynamics over a complete gait cycle based only on measured kinematics.

Kinematic design of crab-like legged vehicles
Journal Article
Liu, A., & Howard, D. Kinematic design of crab-like legged vehicles. Robotica, 19(01), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263574700002861

In this paper, the kinematic workspace characteristics of a crab-like legged vehicle are investigated using a 2-D model. The alternative kinematic configurations and their corresponding workspace constraints are discussed, and the vehicle configurat... Read More about Kinematic design of crab-like legged vehicles.

A novel energy storage and return prosthetic ankle using cams and miniature hydraulics
Journal Article
Pace, A., Gardiner, J., Kenney, L., & Howard, D. (in press). A novel energy storage and return prosthetic ankle using cams and miniature hydraulics. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,

A novel design for an energy-storage-and-return (ESR) prosthetic ankle is described, based on simple miniature hydraulics. The aim is to overcome the weaknesses of prosthetic feet currently on the market and also previous research attempts, which are... Read More about A novel energy storage and return prosthetic ankle using cams and miniature hydraulics.

A comparison of feature extraction methods for the classification of dynamic activities from accelerometer data
Journal Article
Preece, S., Goulermas, J., Kenney, L., & Howard, D. A comparison of feature extraction methods for the classification of dynamic activities from accelerometer data. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 56, 871-879

Driven by the demands on healthcare resulting from the shift toward more sedentary lifestyles, considerable effort has been devoted to the monitoring and classification of human activity. In previous studies, various classification schemes and featur... Read More about A comparison of feature extraction methods for the classification of dynamic activities from accelerometer data.