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A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control (2016)
Journal Article
Sun, M., Kenney, L., Smith, C., Waring, K., Luckie, H., Liu, A., & Howard, D. (2016). A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control. Medical Engineering and Physics, 38(11), 1244-1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.06.005

This paper reports on a novel approach to using a 3-axis accelerometer to capture body segment angle for upper limb functional electrical stimulation (FES) control. The approach calculates the angle between the accelerome... Read More about A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control.

A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Sun, M., Kenney, L., Smith, C., Waring, K., Luckie, H., & Howard, D. (2016, June). A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation. Poster presented at 20th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, La Grande-Motte, France

This paper reports on a flexible finite stage machine (FSM) controller for the real-time control of functional electrical stimulation (FES) during upper limb rehabilitation, and an associated setup Graphical User Interface (GUI) guides clinical users... Read More about A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation.

Accelerometer-triggered functional electrical stimulation for recovery of upper limb function in chronic stroke patients : A randomised trial (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Taylor, P., Mann, G., Esnouf, J., Luckie, H., Waring, K., McFadden, C., …Kenney, L. (2015, May). Accelerometer-triggered functional electrical stimulation for recovery of upper limb function in chronic stroke patients : A randomised trial. Presented at 5th Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS) UK and Ireland Chapter, Sheffield University

Novel methods of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control [conference paper] (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Sun, M., Howard, D., Kenney, L., Smith, C., Waring, K., & Luckie, H. (2015, May). Novel methods of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control [conference paper]. Presented at 5th Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS) UK & Ireland Chapter : Stimulating Technology for the Future, Sheffield, UK

Introduction: Accelerometry offers a low cost, low power solution to measuring body segment angle (BSA) relative to the gravity vector under quasi-static conditions. BSA may be used as an input to a state-machine based, upper limb functional electric... Read More about Novel methods of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control [conference paper].

Enhancing public involvement in assistive technology design research (2014)
Journal Article
Williamson, T., Kenney, L., Barker, A., Cooper, G., Good, T., Healey, J., …Smith, C. (2015). Enhancing public involvement in assistive technology design research. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 10(3), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2014.908247

To appraise the application of accepted good practice guidance on public involvement in assistive technology research and to identify its impact on the research team, the public, device and trial design. Methods: Critical reflection and within-proje... Read More about Enhancing public involvement in assistive technology design research.

The relationship between impairment, functional ability, hand-arm task complexity and set-up difficulty for an Advanced FES Rehab Tool (2013)
Presentation / Conference
Smith, C., Kenney, L., Howard, D., Waring, K., Sun, M., & Hardiker, N. (2013, April). The relationship between impairment, functional ability, hand-arm task complexity and set-up difficulty for an Advanced FES Rehab Tool. Poster presented at Fourth Conference of the UK and Ireland Chapter of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESSUKI), Southampton, UK

Feasibility study for a controllable orthotic knee joint (2011)
Journal Article
Hutchins, S., Miller, K., Stallard, J., Woollam, P., & Smith, C. (2011). Feasibility study for a controllable orthotic knee joint. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 6(6), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2011.580901

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of producing an orthotic knee joint that could lock and unlock during ambulation for eventual use in a reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) for severely disabled patients. Method. T... Read More about Feasibility study for a controllable orthotic knee joint.

Simulating acceleration from stereophotogrammetry for medical device design (2009)
Journal Article
Tresadern, P., Thies, S., Kenney, L., Howard, D., Smith, C., Rigby, J., & Goulermas, J. (2009). Simulating acceleration from stereophotogrammetry for medical device design. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 131(6), https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3118771

When designing a medical device based on lightweight accelerometers, the designer is faced with a number of questions in order to maximize performance while minimizing cost and complexity: Where should the inertial unit be located? How many units ar... Read More about Simulating acceleration from stereophotogrammetry for medical device design.

Movement variability in stroke patients and controls performing two upper limb functional tasks: a new assessment methodology (2009)
Journal Article
Thies, S., Tresadern, P., Kenney, L., Smith, J., Howard, D., Goulermas, J., …Rigby, J. (2009). Movement variability in stroke patients and controls performing two upper limb functional tasks: a new assessment methodology. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-6-2

Background: In the evaluation of upper limb impairment post stroke there remains a gap between detailed kinematic analyses with expensive motion capturing systems and common clinical assessment tests. In particular, although many clinical tests evalu... Read More about Movement variability in stroke patients and controls performing two upper limb functional tasks: a new assessment methodology.

Comparison of linear acceleration from three measurement systems during “reach & grasp” (2007)
Journal Article
Thies, S., Tresadern, P., Kenney, L., Howard, D., Goulermas, J., Smith, C., & Rigby, J. (2007). Comparison of linear acceleration from three measurement systems during “reach & grasp”. Medical Engineering and Physics, 29(9), 967-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.10.012

Given the increased use of accelerometers in movement analysis, validation of such inertial sensors against conventional 3D camera systems and performance comparisons of different sensors have become important topics in biomechanics. This paper evalu... Read More about Comparison of linear acceleration from three measurement systems during “reach & grasp”.

Telehealth: The effects on clinical outcomes, cost effectiveness and the patient experience: a systematic overview of the literature
Report
Brettle, A., Brown, T., Hardiker, N., Radcliffe, J., & Smith, C. Telehealth: The effects on clinical outcomes, cost effectiveness and the patient experience: a systematic overview of the literature

Telehealth is seen as a way of improving access to patient care for long term conditions and there is a considerable volume of published literature available. This report provides an overview of the best available evidence by summarising recent syste... Read More about Telehealth: The effects on clinical outcomes, cost effectiveness and the patient experience: a systematic overview of the literature.

Usability engineering in the design and evaluation of a functional electrical stimulation system for upper limb rehabilitation
Thesis
Smith, C. (in press). Usability engineering in the design and evaluation of a functional electrical stimulation system for upper limb rehabilitation. (Thesis). University of Salford

Chronic physical impairment of the hemiplegic upper limb (UL) is seen in an estimated 50-70% of stroke patients, who place a high priority on regaining upper limb function. Current therapy is insufficiently intensive, often not task-oriented and hen... Read More about Usability engineering in the design and evaluation of a functional electrical stimulation system for upper limb rehabilitation.