Hormonal control of metabolism : regulation of plasma glucose

Nirmalan, NJ; Nirmalan, M

Abstract

Blood glucose concentrations are required to be maintained within a narrow therapeutic range in order to ensure the normal functioning of the body. This is accomplished through a complex, interactive, finely coordinated neuro-endocrine regulatory process. Hormonal control through the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas serve as the primary response mechanism to avert post-prandial hyperglycaemia and fasting hypoglycaemia. In addition to this basic response, a range of endocrine mediators concurrently intervene, to enable the fine modulation of the process through a range of insulin-dependent and insulin-independent processes, which ultimately achieve glycaemic control by influencing tissue glucose uptake, glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. More recent evidence supports a central, predominantly hypothalamic role initiated through nutrient (glucose, fatty acid) and hormonal (insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1) stimuli that influences glucose regulation by direct or indirect effects on skeletal muscle glucose uptake, islet cell insulin/glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose production.

Citation

Nirmalan, N., & Nirmalan, M. (2020). Hormonal control of metabolism : regulation of plasma glucose. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 21(11), 578-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.08.002

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Online Publication Date: Sep 21, 2020
• Publication Date: Nov 1, 2020
• Deposit Date: Jan 4, 2021
• Journal: Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
• Print ISSN: 1472-0299
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 11
• Pages: 578-583
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.08.002
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.08.002
• Related Public URLs: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14720299