Cold-start NOx emissions : diesel and waste lubricating oil as a fuel additive

Zare, A; Bodisco, TA; Jafari, M; Verma, P; Yang, L; Babaie, M; Rahman, MM; Banks, A; Ristovski, ZD; Brown, RJ; Stevanovic, S

Abstract

NOx emissions from diesel engines are a concern from both environmental and health perspectives. Recently this attention has targeted cold-start emissions highlighting that emission after-treatment systems are not effective in this period. Using a 6-cylinder, turbocharged, common-rail diesel engine, the current research investigates NOx emissions during cold-start using different engine performance parameters. In addition, it studies the influence of waste lubricating oil on NOx emissions introducing it as a fuel additive (1 and 5% by volume). To interpret the NOx formation, this study evaluates different parameters: exhaust gas temperature, engine oil temperature, engine coolant temperature, start of injection/combustion, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise. This study clarified how cold-start NOx increases as the engine is warming up while in general cold-start NOx is higher than hot-start. Results showed that in comparison with warmed up condition, during cold-start NOx, maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher; while start of injection, start of combustion and ignition delay were lower. During cold-start increased engine temperature was associated with decreasing maximum rate of pressure rise and peak apparent heat release rate. During cold-start NOx increased with temperature and it dropped sharply due to the delayed start of injection. This study also showed that using waste lubricating oil decreased NOx and maximum rate of pressure rise; and increased maximum in-cylinder pressure. NOx had a direct correlation with the maximum rate of pressure rise; and an inverse correlation with the maximum in-cylinder pressure.

Citation

Zare, A., Bodisco, T., Jafari, M., Verma, P., Yang, L., Babaie, M., …Stevanovic, S. (2021). Cold-start NOx emissions : diesel and waste lubricating oil as a fuel additive. Fuel, 286(Part 2), 119430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119430

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 2, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Oct 19, 2020
• Publication Date: Feb 15, 2021
• Deposit Date: Oct 22, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 19, 2021
• Journal: Fuel
• Print ISSN: 0016-2361
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Volume: 286
• Issue: Part 2
• Pages: 119430
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119430
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119430
• Related Public URLs: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fuel/
• Additional Information: Additional Information : ** Article version: AM ** Embargo end date: 19-10-2021 ** From Elsevier via Jisc Publications Router ** Licence for AM version of this article starting on 19-10-2021: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ **Journal IDs: issn 00162361 **History: issue date 15-02-2021; published_online 19-10-2020; accepted 02-10-2020; Projects : Linkage Projects