Breast composition : measurement and clinical use

Ekpo, EU; Hogg, P; Highnam, R; McEntee, MF

Abstract

Breast density is a measure of the extent of radiodense fibroglandular tissue in the breast. The risk of developing breast cancer and the risk of missing cancer at screening rise with higher breast density. In this paper, the historical background to breast density measurement is outlined and current evidence based practice is explained. The relevance of breast density knowledge to mammographic practice and image interpretation is considered in the light of clinical assessment and notification of mammographic breast density (MBD). The current work also discusses risk stratification for decision-making regarding screening frequency and better modalities for earlier detection of breast cancer in the dense breast. Automated volumetric approaches are explained while ultrasound, digital breast tomosynthesis, molecular breast imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging are introduced as valuable adjuncts to digital mammography for imaging the dense breast. The work concludes on the important note that screened women should be notified of their breast density, and such notification should be accompanied with clear and adequate information about breast density and cancer risk, strategies associated with lower MBD, as well as best screening intervals and pathways for women with dense breasts. Adoption of these strategies may be crucial to early detection and treatment of cancer and improving survival from the disease.

Citation

Ekpo, E., Hogg, P., Highnam, R., & McEntee, M. (2015). Breast composition : measurement and clinical use. Radiography, 21(4), 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.006

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 25, 2015
• Online Publication Date: Jul 13, 2015
• Publication Date: Nov 1, 2015
• Deposit Date: Jul 31, 2015
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 25, 2016
• Journal: Radiography
• Print ISSN: 1078-8174
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 324-333
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.006
• Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.006
• Related Public URLs: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/radiography