South Arabian and Yemeni dialects

Watson, JCE

Abstract

It has traditionally been assumed that with the Islamic conquests Arabic overwhelmed the original ancient languages of the Peninsula, leaving the language situation in the south-western Arabian Peninsula as one in which dialects of Arabic are tinged, to a greater or lesser degree, with substrate features of the ancient South Arabian languages. The ancient Arab grammarians had clear ideas concerning the difference between the non-Arabic languages of the Peninsula and Arabic, including the -t feminine nominal ending in all states and -n versus the -l definite article.. Today, however, we read about ‘Arabic’ dialects that exhibit large proportions of ‘non-Arabic’ features. Here I compare phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic data from several contemporary varieties spoken within historical Yemen – within the borders of current Yemen into southern ‘Asīr – with data from Ancient South Arabian, Sabaean, and Modern South Arabian, Mehri, as spoken in the far east of Yemen. On the basis of these comparisons I suggest that Arabic may not have replaced all the ancient languages of the Peninsula, and that we may be witnessing the rediscovery of descendants of the ancient languages.
The Yemeni and ‘Asīri dialects considered are:
Yemen: Rāziḥīt, Minabbih, Xašir, San‘ani, Ġaylħabbān
‘Asīr: Rijāl Alma‛, Abha, Faifi

Citation

Watson, J. (2011). South Arabian and Yemeni dialects

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: Aug 1, 2011
• Deposit Date: Sep 16, 2011
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 5, 2016
• Journal: Salford Working Papers in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 1
• Pages: 27-40
• Keywords: Arabic, Semitic, ancient South Arabian, modern South Arabian, lateral sibilants, relative clauses