Socio-Spatial Framework to Improve Air Quality in Transit-Oriented Development

Elmarakby, Esraa

Abstract

This research focuses on air quality management in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) neighbourhoods, addressing the complex interplay between urban design, community behaviour, and regulatory policies. TODs, while promoting sustainable urban development, can inadvertently exacerbate air quality issues due to high-density urban structure and increased localised activities that feature this kind of development.

The study aimed to develop a socio-spatial framework for managing air quality in TODs, focusing on Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects and air pollution. This conceptual framework identifies key pillars influencing TOD's air quality, analyses their interconnections, and proposes strategies to enhance their performance.

TOD neighbourhoods in Manchester City, UK, were utilised as case studies to test and validate the framework: Manchester Piccadilly and East Didsbury. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating geospatial analysis of urban configurations, UHI intensity, and air pollution in both areas. A quantitative analysis of residents' commuting habits through questionnaires, combined with qualitative insights from the focus group with experts and stakeholders, complemented the geospatial analysis.

The research identified five key pillars affecting air quality in TODs: planning and design, traffic patterns, policy and regulation, socio-political engagement, and community behaviour. The study found that urban structure significantly influenced UHI intensity, while traffic patterns, particularly non-exhaust emissions, were major contributors to air pollution. Community behaviour and policy gaps were found to indirectly impact air quality by influencing travel choices and traffic conditions.
The findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to TOD planning that considers physical urban characteristics besides social and political factors. This study provides a nuanced understanding of air quality management in TODs, emphasising the importance of integrated strategies encompassing urban design, traffic management, policy, and community engagement and behaviour. The developed framework provides a comprehensive tool for stakeholders to address air quality challenges in TODs.

• Thesis Type: Thesis
• Deposit Date: Jan 30, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 24, 2027
• Keywords: Transit-Oriented Development, Air Quality Management, Urban Heat Island, Urban Air Pollution, Socio-Spatial Framework, Geospatial Analysis, Climate Change Mitigation.
• Award Date: Jan 23, 2025