All Outputs (32)

The effects of time-variant characteristics of unmanned aircraft system noise on reported annoyance (2025)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Flight missions of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are inherently unsteady due to the complex interactions between the environment (e.g., wind conditions) and the operative flight control system. These interactions result in the unsteadiness of the a... Read More about The effects of time-variant characteristics of unmanned aircraft system noise on reported annoyance.

Integrated U-space societal acceptance assessment: energy-based and perception-based acoustic metrics. (2025)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Innovative Air Mobility (IAM) systems are progressing within the European U-space framework to promote efficient and environmentally friendly air transport. The ImAFUSA project contributes by developing an integrated U-space assessment tool to evalua... Read More about Integrated U-space societal acceptance assessment: energy-based and perception-based acoustic metrics..

On-field measurements following the EASA guidelines on noise measurements of unmanned aircraft systems lighter that 600 kg (2025)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have gained increasing attention, leading to the development of noise measurement protocols, such as the 2023 guidelines from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). These guidelines focus on noise measuremen... Read More about On-field measurements following the EASA guidelines on noise measurements of unmanned aircraft systems lighter that 600 kg.

Aeroacoustics and psychoacoustics characterization of a boundary layer ingesting ducted fan (2025)
Journal Article

A comprehensive wind tunnel investigation was conducted to analyze noise generation, propagation, and perception mechanisms in a boundary layer ingesting (BLI) ducted fan through integrated aeroacoustic and psychoacoustic assessments. The study exami... Read More about Aeroacoustics and psychoacoustics characterization of a boundary layer ingesting ducted fan.

Reducing Tonal Noise of Contra-Rotating Unmanned Aerial System Rotors via Blade Rake Angle Adjustment (2025)
Journal Article

This paper investigates the effect of blade rake angle on the tonal noise produced by contra-rotating rotor systems suitable for use on small multi-rotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS). This investigation utilises semi-analytical, numerical, and exper... Read More about Reducing Tonal Noise of Contra-Rotating Unmanned Aerial System Rotors via Blade Rake Angle Adjustment.

Sound from unmanned aircraft systems: Progress in acoustics and psychoacoustics (2024)
Newspaper / Magazine

Towards a Taxonomy for the Assessment of the Unmanned Aerial Systems Noise Emissions (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Despite the many advantages of unconventional aerial systems, mainly for logistics and transportation applications, noise has emerged as one of the main public acceptance factors that can delay the start of commercial operations of Advanced Air Mobil... Read More about Towards a Taxonomy for the Assessment of the Unmanned Aerial Systems Noise Emissions.

Flight Performance and Acoustics of Asymmetric Propellers with Uneven Blade Spacing (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Anexperimental campaign is conducted to characterise the acoustics and flight performance of asymmetric propellers with uneven blade spacing by taking field measurements of an unmanned aerial system in hover. Further, the study compares the acoustics... Read More about Flight Performance and Acoustics of Asymmetric Propellers with Uneven Blade Spacing.

An acoustic and psychoacoustic assessment on the noise control of propellers in distributed propulsion configuration using phase-synchronisation Session: Experimental Techniques (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Distributed electric propulsion is widely recoginised as a promising propulsion configuration for next-generation aerial vehicles, including short-to-medium-haul passenger aircraft and urban air mobility vehicles. The presence of multiple propulsors... Read More about An acoustic and psychoacoustic assessment on the noise control of propellers in distributed propulsion configuration using phase-synchronisation Session: Experimental Techniques.

Comparison of the noise perception of conventional aircraft and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

The use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for commercial applications is seeing steady growth in numerous sectors as the technology improves and more applications are realised. Whilst research into human response to UAS noise is a relatively new fie... Read More about Comparison of the noise perception of conventional aircraft and Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

Synthesis and Auralisations of Quadcopter Flyovers for Psychoacoustic Assessment. (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

This paper describes a methodology to generate auralisations of quadcopter flyovers from recordings of hovering operations. The primary focus of this investigation is reproducing changes in the tonal components at the blade passing frequencies and th... Read More about Synthesis and Auralisations of Quadcopter Flyovers for Psychoacoustic Assessment..

Boundary Layer Ingestion Ducted Fan: Aeroacoustic and Psychoacoustic Insights (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

An in-depth experimental study was conducted to investigate the noise characteristics of a ducted fan ingesting an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer, typical of those encountered in novel airframe-integrated propulsion systems. To ga... Read More about Boundary Layer Ingestion Ducted Fan: Aeroacoustic and Psychoacoustic Insights.

Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems as a Function of Vehicle Mass and Flight Procedure (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Previous studies have found the noise emission of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) highly dependent on the vehicle mass and flight procedure. These changes in noise emission, as well as the position of the UAS relative to the receiver, have led to cha... Read More about Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems as a Function of Vehicle Mass and Flight Procedure.

Correction: Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation (2024)
Journal Article
J. B. Lotinga, M., Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., & J. Torija, A. (2024). Correction: Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation. Current Pollution Reports, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-024-00311-z

Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions (2024)
Journal Article
Green, N., Torija, A. J., & Ramos-Romero, C. (2024). Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 155(2), 915-929. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024522

This paper presents the results of a listening experiment designed to assess annoyance and perceived loudness (PL) for several unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations, with the listener simulated in indoor and outdoor positions. This research inves... Read More about Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions.

Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

In collaboration with the UK Civil Aviation Authority, the University of Salford is carrying out research to better understand the human perception and dose response of Unmaned Aerial Systems (UAS) noise. A listening experiment has been conducted to... Read More about Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment.

sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

In the framework of the EPSRC - UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out during August 2022 in Edze... Read More about sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations.

Audio Stimuli (2024)
Digital Artefact
Green, N., Martinez, A. J. T., & Romero, C. R. (2024). Audio Stimuli. [Audio]

Drone / UAS Noise stimuli used for Listening Experiment

Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation (2023)
Journal Article
Lotinga, M. J. B., Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., & Torija, A. J. (2023). Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation. Current Pollution Reports, 9(4), 724-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00285-4

Purpose of Review: This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current advances in the measurement and assessment of the noise generated by unconventional aircraft, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. Build... Read More about Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation.

sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

In the framework of the EPSRC-UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out in August 2022 in Edzell,... Read More about sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations.