Cloud-based AI for automatic audio production for personalized immersive XR experiences (2022)
Journal Article
Oldfield, R., Walley, M., Shirley, B., & Williams, D. (2022). Cloud-based AI for automatic audio production for personalized immersive XR experiences. SMPTE motion imaging journal, 131(7), 6-16. https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2022.3184849

In this article, we focus on the machine-learning approach developed for automatic audio source recognition and mixing for the U.K. Government Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) funded collaborative project called 5G Edge-XR. Leveraging gra... Read More about Cloud-based AI for automatic audio production for personalized immersive XR experiences.

Loudness differences for Voice-over-Voice audio in TV and streaming (2020)
Journal Article
Geary, D., Torcoli, M., Paulus, J., Simon, C., Straninger, D., Travaglini, A., & Shirley, B. (2020). Loudness differences for Voice-over-Voice audio in TV and streaming. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 68(11), 810-818. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2020.0022

Voice-over-Voice (VoV) is a common mixing practice observed in news reports and docu- mentaries, where a foreground voice is mixed on top of a background voice, e.g., to translate an interview. This is achieved by ducking the background voice so that... Read More about Loudness differences for Voice-over-Voice audio in TV and streaming.

Intelligibility vs. comprehension : understanding quality of accessible next-generation audio broadcast (2020)
Journal Article
accessible next-generation audio broadcast. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(4), 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00741-8

For traditional broadcasting formats, imple-mentation of accessible audio strategies for hard of hear-ing people have used a binary, intelligibility-based ap-proach. In this approach sounds are categorized eitheras speech, contributing to compreh... Read More about Intelligibility vs. comprehension : understanding quality of accessible next-generation audio broadcast.

Preferred levels for background ducking to produce esthetically pleasing audio for TV with clear speech (2019)
Journal Article
Torcoli, M., Freke-Morin, A., Paulus, J., Simon, C., & Shirley, B. (2019). Preferred levels for background ducking to produce esthetically pleasing audio for TV with clear speech. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 67(12), 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2019.0052

In audio production, background ducking facilitates speech intelligibility while allowing the background to fulfill its purpose, e.g., to create ambience, set the mood, or convey semantic cues. Technical details for recommended ducking practices are... Read More about Preferred levels for background ducking to produce esthetically pleasing audio for TV with clear speech.

Personalization in object-based audio for accessibility : a review of advancements for hearing impaired listeners (2019)
Journal Article
Ward, L., & Shirley, B. (2019). Personalization in object-based audio for accessibility : a review of advancements for hearing impaired listeners. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 67(7/8), 584-597. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2019.0021

Hearing loss is widespread and significantly impacts an individual’s ability to engage with broadcast media. Access can be improved through new object-based audio personalization methods. Utilizing the literature on hearing loss and intelligibility t... Read More about Personalization in object-based audio for accessibility : a review of advancements for hearing impaired listeners.

Personalized object-based audio for hearing impaired TV viewers (2017)
Journal Article
Shirley, B., Meadows, M., Malak, F., Woodcock, J., & Tidball, A. (2017). Personalized object-based audio for hearing impaired TV viewers. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 65(4), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2017.0005

Age demographics have led to an increase in the proportion of the population suffering from some form of hearing loss. The introduction of object-based audio to television broadcast has the potential to improve the viewing experience for millions o... Read More about Personalized object-based audio for hearing impaired TV viewers.

Clean Audio for TV broadcast: an object-based approach for hearing impaired viewers (2015)
Journal Article
Shirley, B., & Oldfield, R. (2015). Clean Audio for TV broadcast: an object-based approach for hearing impaired viewers. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 63(4), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2015.0017

As the percentage of the population with hearing loss increases, broadcasters are receiving more complaints about the difficulty in understanding dialog in the presence of background sound and music. This article explores these issues, reviews previo... Read More about Clean Audio for TV broadcast: an object-based approach for hearing impaired viewers.

Object-based audio for interactive football broadcast (2013)
Journal Article
Oldfield, R., Shirley, B., & Spille, J. (2015). Object-based audio for interactive football broadcast. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 74(8), 2717-2741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1472-2

An end-to-end AV broadcast system providing an immersive, interactive experience for live events is the development aim for the EU FP7 funded project, FascinatE. The project has developed real time audio object event detection and localisation, scene... Read More about Object-based audio for interactive football broadcast.

The clean audio project: Digital TV as assistive technology (2006)
Journal Article
Shirley, B., & Kendrick, P. (2006). The clean audio project: Digital TV as assistive technology. Technology and Disability, 18(1/2006), 31-41

Technology used in Digital TV has the potential to enhance the viewing experience for millions of hard of hearing people. The Clean Audio project commissioned by the Independent Television Commission (ITC), and continued by Ofcom, looks at methods by... Read More about The clean audio project: Digital TV as assistive technology.