An Improved Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Optimum Quality of Service Device-to Device Routing and Energy Efficiency

Bunu, Sanusi Mohammed

Abstract

The Fifth generation (5G) and Beyond 5G (B5G) cellular network's traffic load is certain to
expand significantly in the near future as a result of its flexibility, high speed, increased
bandwidth, better connectivity and low latency. One such technique is D2D communication in
D2D cellular network, which allows two or more devices to communicate with each other
directly without transversing the cellular network. The trio optimized link state routing protocol
(OLSR) functionalities that are responsible for the challenges when implementing OLSR are
link state processing, unsuitable multipoint relay (MPR) nodes and information bases
housekeeping. This research presents structured and energy efficient link sensing, MPR
selection mechanism and database maintenance techniques. The research also considers the
classification of the nodes using a supervised machine learning (ML) algorithm. The research
considers the contributions (weights) of all four parameters and develops a mathematical model
for the relay selection process. It replaces OLSR’s HELLO, HELLO, and TC message sequence
with a new sequence that interweaves HELLO and TC messages with three database (DB)
chores and LISTEN states. The new message sequence is DB_SELF, LISTEN, HELLO,
DB_NEIGHBORS_RCVD, HI, DB_NEIGHBORS_BOTH, TC and DB_ROUTES sequence.
LISTEN sequence occurs when new nodes are about to join the network, such nodes listen for
ongoing communication before emitting a HELLO message. DB_CHORE sequence are
durations during which nodes refrain from any form of broadcast, this period is used to
complete necessary database updates. The proposed modification mandated nodes to always
respond to a HELLO message with the new non-forwarding HI message. Multi-point relays
(MPRs) are expected to immediately forward TC messages on behalf of their selectors after
the expiration of DB_NEIGHBORS_BOTH. MPRs nodes are not mandated to broadcast TC
messages if the number of nodes and their OLSRv2 addresses remain unchanged after
subsequence broadcasts of HELLO and HI messages, or if no node reported 2-hops symmetric
connections. In addition, this research proposes MPR selection mechanism that allows nodes
to consider four (4) parameters, namely nodes battery level (BL), mobility speed (MB), nodes
degree (ND) and connection to base station (CBS) for optimum relay selection. The MPR
selection mechanism combines the multiple criteria into a single metric to reduce control
overhead and energy dissipation. The proposed scheme was implemented in NS-3 simulator
and validated using mathematical model where both results shows that the proposed routing
protocol performs better than OLSR and OLSRv2 in terms of energy consumption, routing
overhead, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

• Thesis Type: Thesis
• Online Publication Date: May 29, 2025
• Deposit Date: May 22, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 30, 2025
• Award Date: May 29, 2025