All Outputs (5)

Venezuela (2009)
Book Chapter
Birkbeck, C., Morillo, S., & Crespo, F. (2009). Venezuela. In J. Junger-Tas, M. Killias, I. Marshall, D. Enzmann, M. Stekete, & B. Gruszczynska (Eds.), Juvenile Delinquency in Europe and Beyond. Results of the Second International Delinquency Self-Report Study (385-398). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95982-5

Provides an overview of the administration and key findings of the Second International Self-Report Survey conducted in Venezuela in 2006. The sample comprised 2,395 secondary school students selected in the cities of Caracas and Mérida and in three... Read More about Venezuela.

Venezuela: The Shifting Organizational Framework for the Police (2009)
Journal Article
Birkbeck, C. (2009). Venezuela: The Shifting Organizational Framework for the Police. Police Practice and Research, 10(4), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260802586293

Recent political polarization in Venezuela has exacerbated longer term tensions over the organization and control of the police. Additionally, there is ongoing and widespread public dissatisfaction with the nature of policing. The patrimonial and au... Read More about Venezuela: The Shifting Organizational Framework for the Police.

Researching the use of force: The background to the international project (2009)
Journal Article
Stenning, P., Birkbeck, C., Adang, O., Baker, D., Feltes, T., Gabaldón, L., …Waddington, P. (2009). Researching the use of force: The background to the international project. Crime, Law and Social Change, 52(2), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9177-6

This article provides the background to an international project on use of force by the police that was carried out in eight countries. Force is often considered to be the defining characteristic of policing and much research has been conducted on th... Read More about Researching the use of force: The background to the international project.

Prisiones e Internados: Una Comparación de los Establecimientos Penales en América del Norte y América Latina. (Imprisonment and Internment: Comparing Penal Facilities in the Americas) (2009)
Book Chapter
Birkbeck, C. (2009). Prisiones e Internados: Una Comparación de los Establecimientos Penales en América del Norte y América Latina. (Imprisonment and Internment: Comparing Penal Facilities in the Americas). In Crimen e Inseguridad: Políticas, Temas y Problemas en las Américas (133-160). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Catalonia

Recent references to the “warehouse prison” in the United States and the “prisión-depósito” in Latin America seem to indicate that penal confinement in the Western Hemisphere has converged on a similar model. However, this article suggests otherwise.... Read More about Prisiones e Internados: Una Comparación de los Establecimientos Penales en América del Norte y América Latina. (Imprisonment and Internment: Comparing Penal Facilities in the Americas).

El funcionamiento de la libertad condicional: un estudio de caso de la región Andina de Venezuela, 1981-2004.” (how parole functions in Venezuela: a case study of the Andean region, 1981-2004) (2009)
Journal Article
Birkbeck, C. (2009). El funcionamiento de la libertad condicional: un estudio de caso de la región Andina de Venezuela, 1981-2004.” (how parole functions in Venezuela: a case study of the Andean region, 1981-2004). Revista - Centro de Investigaciones Penales Criminológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, 28, 29-67

This article presents the results of a study of 773 cases of parole that were initiated and concluded in the Andean region of Venezuela between 1981 and 2004, with particular attention to the characteristics and determinants of offenders’ different p... Read More about El funcionamiento de la libertad condicional: un estudio de caso de la región Andina de Venezuela, 1981-2004.” (how parole functions in Venezuela: a case study of the Andean region, 1981-2004).