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Upper limb activity in myoelectric prosthesis users is biased towards the intact limb and appears unrelated to goal-directed task performance (2018)
Journal Article
Chadwell, A., Kenney, L., Granat, M., Thies, S., Head, J., Galpin, A., & Baker, R. (2018). Upper limb activity in myoelectric prosthesis users is biased towards the intact limb and appears unrelated to goal-directed task performance. Scientific reports, 8, #11084. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29503-6

Studies of the effectiveness of prosthetic hands involve assessing user performance on functional tasks in the lab/clinic, sometimes combined with self-report of real-world use. In this paper we compare real-world upper limb activity between a group... Read More about Upper limb activity in myoelectric prosthesis users is biased towards the intact limb and appears unrelated to goal-directed task performance.

FES-UPP : a flexible functional electrical stimulation system to support upper limb functional activity practice (2018)
Journal Article
Sun, M., Smith, C., Howard, D., Kenney, L., Luckie, H., Waring, K., …Finn, S. (2018). FES-UPP : a flexible functional electrical stimulation system to support upper limb functional activity practice. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12(449), https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00449

There is good evidence supporting highly intensive, repetitive, activity-focused, voluntary-initiated practice as a key to driving recovery of upper limb function following stroke. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) offers a potential mechanism... Read More about FES-UPP : a flexible functional electrical stimulation system to support upper limb functional activity practice.

Methods for the real-world evaluation of fall detection technology : a scoping review (2018)
Journal Article
Broadley, R., Klenk, J., Thies, S., Kenney, L., & Granat, M. (2018). Methods for the real-world evaluation of fall detection technology : a scoping review. Sensors, 18(7), https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072060

Falls in older adults present a major growing healthcare challenge and reliable detection of falls is crucial to minimise their consequences. The majority of development and testing has used laboratory simulations. As simulations do not cover the w... Read More about Methods for the real-world evaluation of fall detection technology : a scoping review.

Performance of optimised prosthetic ankle designs that are based on a hydraulic variable displacement actuator (VDA) (2017)
Journal Article
Gardiner, J., Bari, A., Kenney, L., Twiste, M., Moser, D., Zahedi, S., & Howard, D. (2017). Performance of optimised prosthetic ankle designs that are based on a hydraulic variable displacement actuator (VDA). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(12), 2418-2426. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2763999

Current energy storage and return (ESR) prosthetic feet only marginally reduce the cost of amputee locomotion compared to basic solid ankle cushioned heel (SACH) feet, possibly due to their lack of push-off at the end of stance. To our knowledge,... Read More about Performance of optimised prosthetic ankle designs that are based on a hydraulic variable displacement actuator (VDA).

Functional electrical stimulation and ankle foot orthoses provide equivalent therapeutic effects on foot drop : a meta-analysis providing direction for future research (2017)
Journal Article
Prenton, S., Hollands, K., Kenney, L., & Onmanee, P. (2017). Functional electrical stimulation and ankle foot orthoses provide equivalent therapeutic effects on foot drop : a meta-analysis providing direction for future research. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 50(2), https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2289

Objective: To compare the randomized controlled trial evidence for therapeutic effects on walking of functional electrical stimulation and ankle foot orthoses for foot drop caused by central nervous system conditions. Data sources: MEDLINE,... Read More about Functional electrical stimulation and ankle foot orthoses provide equivalent therapeutic effects on foot drop : a meta-analysis providing direction for future research.

A generalizable methodology for stability assessment of walking aid users (2017)
Journal Article
Costamagna, E., Thies, S., Kenney, L., Howard, D., Liu, A., & Ogden, D. (2017). A generalizable methodology for stability assessment of walking aid users. Medical Engineering and Physics, 47, 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.013

To assist balance and mobility, older adults are often prescribed walking aids. Nevertheless, surprisingly their use has been associated with increased falls-risk. To address this finding we first need to characterise a person’s stability while using... Read More about A generalizable methodology for stability assessment of walking aid users.

Skill assessment in upper limb myoelectric prosthesis users : validation of a clinically feasible method for characterising upper limb temporal and amplitude variability during the performance of functional tasks (2017)
Journal Article
Thies, S., Kenney, L., Sobuh, M., Galpin, A., Kyberd, P., Stine, R., & Major, M. (2017). Skill assessment in upper limb myoelectric prosthesis users : validation of a clinically feasible method for characterising upper limb temporal and amplitude variability during the performance of functional tasks. Medical Engineering and Physics, 47, 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.03.010

Upper limb myoelectric prostheses remain challenging to use and are often abandoned. A proficient user must be able to plan/execute arm movements while activating the residual muscle(s), accounting for delays and unpredictability in prosthesis respon... Read More about Skill assessment in upper limb myoelectric prosthesis users : validation of a clinically feasible method for characterising upper limb temporal and amplitude variability during the performance of functional tasks.

Visualisation of upper limb activity using spirals - a new approach to the assessment of daily prosthesis usage (2017)
Journal Article
Chadwell, A., Kenney, L., Granat, M., Thies, S., Head, J., & Galpin, A. (2018). Visualisation of upper limb activity using spirals - a new approach to the assessment of daily prosthesis usage. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 42(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309364617706751

BACKGROUND: Current outcome measures used in upper limb myoelectric prosthesis studies include clinical tests of function and self-report questionnaires on real world prosthesis use. Research in other cohorts has questioned both the validity of self-... Read More about Visualisation of upper limb activity using spirals - a new approach to the assessment of daily prosthesis usage.

Characterisation of rollator use using inertial sensors (2016)
Journal Article
Cheng, T., Kenney, L., Amor, J., Thies, S., Costamagna, E., James, C., & Holloway, C. (2016). Characterisation of rollator use using inertial sensors. Healthcare Technology Letters, 3(4), https://doi.org/10.1049/htl.2016.0061

The use of walking aids is prevalent among older people and people with mobility impairment. Rollators are designed to support outdoor mobility and require the user to negotiate curbs and slopes in the urban environment. Despite the prevalence of rol... Read More about Characterisation of rollator use using inertial sensors.

Crowd-sourced amputee gait data : a feasibility study using YouTube videos of unilateral trans-femoral gait (2016)
Journal Article
Gardiner, J., Gunarathne, N., Howard, D., & Kenney, L. (2016). Crowd-sourced amputee gait data : a feasibility study using YouTube videos of unilateral trans-femoral gait. PLoS ONE, 11(10), e0165287. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165287

Collecting large datasets of amputee gait data is notoriously difficult. Additionally, collecting data on less prevalent amputations or on gait activities other than level walking and running on hard surfaces is rarely attempted. However, with the we... Read More about Crowd-sourced amputee gait data : a feasibility study using YouTube videos of unilateral trans-femoral gait.

A review of the design and clinical evaluation of the ShefStim array-based functional electrical stimulation system (2016)
Journal Article
Kenney, L., Heller, B., Barker, A., Reeves, M., Healey, J., Good, T., …Howard, D. (2016). A review of the design and clinical evaluation of the ShefStim array-based functional electrical stimulation system. Medical Engineering and Physics, 38(11), 1159 -1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.08.005

Functional electrical stimulation has been shown to be a safe and effective means of correcting foot drop of central neurological origin. Current surface-based devices typically consist of a single channel stim- ulator, a sensor for determining gait... Read More about A review of the design and clinical evaluation of the ShefStim array-based functional electrical stimulation system.

Dealing with time-varying recruitment and length in Hill-type muscle models (2016)
Journal Article
Hamouda, A., Kenney, L., & Howard, D. (2016). Dealing with time-varying recruitment and length in Hill-type muscle models. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(14), 3375-3380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.030

Hill-type muscle models are often used in muscle simulation studies and also in the design and virtual prototyping of functional electrical stimulation systems. These models have to behave in a sufficiently realistic manner when recruitment level a... Read More about Dealing with time-varying recruitment and length in Hill-type muscle models.

The reality of myoelectric prostheses : understanding what makes these devices difficult for some users to control (2016)
Journal Article
control. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 10(7), https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2016.00007

Users of myoelectric prostheses can often find them difficult to control. This can lead to passive-use of the device or total rejection, which can have detrimental effects on the contralateral limb due to overuse. Current clinically available prosth... Read More about The reality of myoelectric prostheses : understanding what makes these devices difficult for some users to control.

Functional electrical stimulation versus ankle foot orthoses for foot-drop : a meta-analysis of orthotic effects (2016)
Journal Article
Prenton, S., Hollands, K., & Kenney, L. (2016). Functional electrical stimulation versus ankle foot orthoses for foot-drop : a meta-analysis of orthotic effects. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 48(8), 646-656. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2136

Objective: To compare the effects on walking of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and ankle foot orthoses for footdrop of central neurological origin, assessed in terms of unassisted walking behaviours compared with assisted walking following... Read More about Functional electrical stimulation versus ankle foot orthoses for foot-drop : a meta-analysis of orthotic effects.

A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control (2016)
Journal Article
Sun, M., Kenney, L., Smith, C., Waring, K., Luckie, H., Liu, A., & Howard, D. (2016). A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control. Medical Engineering and Physics, 38(11), 1244-1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.06.005

This paper reports on a novel approach to using a 3-axis accelerometer to capture body segment angle for upper limb functional electrical stimulation (FES) control. The approach calculates the angle between the accelerome... Read More about A novel method of using accelerometry for upper limb FES control.

A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Sun, M., Kenney, L., Smith, C., Waring, K., Luckie, H., & Howard, D. (2016, June). A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation. Poster presented at 20th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, La Grande-Motte, France

This paper reports on a flexible finite stage machine (FSM) controller for the real-time control of functional electrical stimulation (FES) during upper limb rehabilitation, and an associated setup Graphical User Interface (GUI) guides clinical users... Read More about A flexible finite state controller for upper limb functional electrical stimulation.

The effects of prosthetic ankle stiffness on stability of gait in people with trans-tibial amputation (2016)
Journal Article
Major, M., Twiste, M., Kenney, L., & Howard, D. (2016). The effects of prosthetic ankle stiffness on stability of gait in people with trans-tibial amputation. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 53(6), 839-852. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2015.08.0148

The ability to control balance during walking is a critical precondition for minimizing fall risk, but is compromised in persons with lower-limb loss due to reduced sensory feedback mechanisms and inability to actively modulate prosthesis mechanical... Read More about The effects of prosthetic ankle stiffness on stability of gait in people with trans-tibial amputation.

Transtibial amputee gait efficiency : energy storage and return versus solid ankle cushioned heel prosthetic feet (2016)
Journal Article
Gardiner, J., Bari, A., Howard, D., & Kenney, L. (2016). Transtibial amputee gait efficiency : energy storage and return versus solid ankle cushioned heel prosthetic feet. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 53(6), 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2015.04.0066

Energy storage and return (ESR) feet have long been assumed to promote metabolically efficient amputee gait. However, despite being prescribed for approximately thirty years, there is limited evidence that they achieve this desired function. Here, we... Read More about Transtibial amputee gait efficiency : energy storage and return versus solid ankle cushioned heel prosthetic feet.

Trial-trial temporal variability in upper limb functional task performance differentiates amputees from controls and decreases with practice (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Major, M., Stine, R., Heckathorne, C., Thies, S., Sobuh, M., Galpin, A., …Kenney, L. (2015, August). Trial-trial temporal variability in upper limb functional task performance differentiates amputees from controls and decreases with practice. Presented at 39th Annual Conference of the American Society of Biomechanics, Columbus, Ohio