Dr Christopher Hughes' Outputs (47)

Real-Time Mobile Transition Matrix Entropy Based on Eye and Head Movements (2025)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

A novel second-order entropy-based oculometric, mobile transition matrix entropy (MTME), is presented for use in mobile eye tracking. Our approach calculates the MTME on the spheric gaze transition matrix, which is based on a sphere around each indiv... Read More about Real-Time Mobile Transition Matrix Entropy Based on Eye and Head Movements.

Image Enhancement for Scanned Historical Documents in the Presence of Multiple Degradations (2024)
Thesis

Historical documents are treasured sources of information but typically suffer from problems with quality and degradation. Scanned images of historical documents suffer from difficulties due to paper quality and poor image capture, producing images w... Read More about Image Enhancement for Scanned Historical Documents in the Presence of Multiple Degradations.

Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment (2023)
Journal Article
Brescia-Zapata, M., Krejtz, K., Duchowski, A. T., Hughes, C. J., & Orero, P. (2023). Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment. Perspectives, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268122

Virtual and Augmented Reality, collectively known as eXtended Reality, are key technologies for the next generation of human?computer?human interaction. In this context, 360° videos are becoming ubiquitous and especially suitable for providing immers... Read More about Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment.

Eye-tracked Evaluation of Subtitles in Immersive VR 360° Video (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

The paper presents an analysis of visual attention to subtitles within immersive media. We implement a 360∘ video rendering with eye movements recorded in Virtual Reality. Position and color of im-mersive subtitles are compared in terms of perceived... Read More about Eye-tracked Evaluation of Subtitles in Immersive VR 360° Video.

VR 360º subtitles: designing a test suite with eye-tracking technology (2022)
Journal Article
Brescia-Zapata, M., Krejtz, K., Duchowski, A., & Hughes, C. (2022). VR 360º subtitles: designing a test suite with eye-tracking technology. Journal of audiovisual translation, 6(2), 233-258

Subtitle production is an increasingly creative accessibility service. New technologies allow for placing subtitles at any location of the screen in a variety of formats, shapes, typography, font size, and colour. The screen now affords accessible cr... Read More about VR 360º subtitles: designing a test suite with eye-tracking technology.

3D Gaze in Virtual Reality: Vergence, Calibration, Event Detection (2022)
Journal Article

Eye movement analysis in modern 3D rendering systems is reviewed and three new techniques are derived inspired by work
developed in early Virtual Reality so-called 2:5D implementations, namely (a) gaze depth (i.e., vergence) estimation, (b) vergence... Read More about 3D Gaze in Virtual Reality: Vergence, Calibration, Event Detection.

Universal access : user needs for immersive captioning (2021)
Journal Article
Hughes, C. (2021). Universal access : user needs for immersive captioning. Universal Access in the Information Society, 21(2), 393-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-021-00828-w

This article focuses on building a prototyping for immersive captioning following a user-centric approach. This methodology is characterised by following a bottom-up approach, where usability and user needs are at the heart of the development. Recent... Read More about Universal access : user needs for immersive captioning.

Accessibility in 360º video players (2020)
Journal Article

Accessibility is a key requirement for any multimedia tool and application. With the current trend
towards immersive experiences, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and 360o video, it becomes key that these
environments are adapted to be fully accessible... Read More about Accessibility in 360º video players.

Towards a user specification for immersive audio description (2020)
Book Chapter
Hughes, C., Orero, P., & Rai, S. (2020). Towards a user specification for immersive audio description. In S. Braun, & K. Starr (Eds.), Innovation in Audio Description Research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003052968-7

This chapter reports on an initial study conducted as part of the EU-funded Immersive Accessibility (ImAc) project, whose broad objective it is to define the requirements for accessibility services such as audio description and audio subtitles within... Read More about Towards a user specification for immersive audio description.

Immersive accessibility 4 all (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Montagud, M., Mas, F., Orero, P., Pesch, P., Bouqueau, R., Hughes, C., & Fernández, S. (2019, September). Immersive accessibility 4 all. Presented at International Broadcast Conference (IBC), RAI, Amsterdam

Disruptive approaches for subtitling in immersive environments (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Hughes, C., Montagud, M., & tho Pesch, P. (2019, June). Disruptive approaches for subtitling in immersive environments. Presented at TVX 2019 - ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for Television and Online Video, Media City, Salford UK

The Immersive Accessibility Project (ImAc) explores how accessibility services can be integrated with
360o video as well as new methods for enabling universal access to immersive content. ImAc is
focused on inclusivity and addresses the needs of al... Read More about Disruptive approaches for subtitling in immersive environments.

Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm (2019)
Journal Article
Oyewale, A., Hughes, C., & Saraee, M. (2019). Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm

A growing number of applications that generate massive streams of data need intelligent data
processing and online analysis. Data & Knowledge Engineering (DKE) has been known to stimulate the
exchange of ideas and interaction between these two rela... Read More about Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm.

Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm (2018)
Presentation / Conference
Oyewale, A., Hughes, C., & Saraee, M. (2018, July). Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm. Presented at The Eighth International Conference on Advances in Information Mining and Management, Barcelona, Spain

In order to succeed in the global competition, organizations need to understand and monitor the rate of data influx. The acquisition of continuous data has been extremely outstretched as a concern in many fields. Recently, frequent patterns in data s... Read More about Analyzing data streams using a dynamic compact stream pattern algorithm.

Understanding the diverse needs of subtitle users in a rapidly evolving media landscape (2017)
Journal Article
Armstrong, M., Brown, A., Crabb, M., Hughes, C., Jones, R., & Sandford, J. (2017). Understanding the diverse needs of subtitle users in a rapidly evolving media landscape. SMPTE motion imaging journal, 125(9), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2614919

Audiences are increasingly using services, such as video on demand and the Web, to watch television programs. Broadcasters need to make subtitles available across all these new platforms. These platforms also create new design opportunities for subti... Read More about Understanding the diverse needs of subtitle users in a rapidly evolving media landscape.

Subtitling method and system (2016)
Patent

A method of retrieving supplementary data related to audio-video content with reference to a reference version of that content involves deriving an audio signature from audio-video content. The audio signature is searched against reference audio sign... Read More about Subtitling method and system.

Online news videos : the UX of subtitle position (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Crabb, M., Jones, R., Armstrong, M., & Hughes, C. (2015, October). Online news videos : the UX of subtitle position. Presented at 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility, Lisbon, Portugal

Millions of people rely on subtitles when watching video content. The current change in media viewing behaviour involving computers has resulted in a large proportion of people turning to online sources as opposed to regular television for news infor... Read More about Online news videos : the UX of subtitle position.

Responsive design for personalised subtitles (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Hughes, C., Armstrong, M., Jones, R., & Crabb, M. (2015, May). Responsive design for personalised subtitles. Presented at The 12th Web for All Conference, Florence, Italy

The Internet has continued to evolve, becoming increasingly media rich. It is now a major platform for video content, which is available to a variety of users across a range of devices. Subtitles enhance this experience for many users. However, subti... Read More about Responsive design for personalised subtitles.

Automatic retrieval of closed captions for web clips from broadcast TV content (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Hughes, C., & Armstrong, M. (2015, April). Automatic retrieval of closed captions for web clips from broadcast TV content. Presented at 2015 NAB Broadcast Engineering Conference, Las Vegas, USA

As broadcasters’ web sites become more media
rich it would be prohibitively expensive to manually caption
all of the videos provided. However, many of these videos
have been clipped from broadcast television and would have
been captioned at the p... Read More about Automatic retrieval of closed captions for web clips from broadcast TV content.

ImaGiNe Seldinger : first simulator for Seldinger technique and angiography training (2013)
Journal Article

In vascular interventional radiology, procedures generally start with the Seldinger technique to access the vasculature, using a needle through which a guidewire is inserted, followed by navigation of catheters within the vessels. Visual and tactile... Read More about ImaGiNe Seldinger : first simulator for Seldinger technique and angiography training.

Storyboarding for visual analytics (2013)
Journal Article
Walker, R., Cenydd, L., Pop, S., Miles, H., Hughes, C., Teahan, W., & Roberts, J. (2015). Storyboarding for visual analytics. Information Visualization, 14(1), 27-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871613487089

Analysts wish to explore different hypotheses, organize their thoughts into visual narratives and present their
findings. Some developers have used algorithms to ascertain key events from their data, while others have
visualized different states of... Read More about Storyboarding for visual analytics.