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Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions (2024)
Journal Article
Green, N., Torija, A. J., & Ramos-Romero, C. (2024). Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 155(2), 915-929. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024522

This paper presents the results of a listening experiment designed to assess annoyance and perceived loudness (PL) for several unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations, with the listener simulated in indoor and outdoor positions. This research inves... Read More about Perception of noise from unmanned aircraft systems: Efficacy of metrics for indoor and outdoor listener positions.

Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment (2024)
Journal Article
Green, N., Ramos-Romero, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (in press). Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment. #Journal not on list, https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.1170

In collaboration with the UK Civil Aviation Authority, the University of Salford is carrying out research to better understand the human perception and dose response of Unmaned Aerial Systems (UAS) noise. A listening experiment has been conducted to... Read More about Investigating the Dose Response of UAS Noise: Designing a Listening Experiment.

sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations (2024)
Journal Article
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (in press). sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations. #Journal not on list, https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0249

In the framework of the EPSRC - UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out during August 2022 in Edze... Read More about sUAS noise characterisation during hovering operations.

Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft (2024)
Conference Proceeding
Lavia, L. R., Torija Martinez, A. J., & Clark, C. (2024). Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft.

Fair and Equitable Distribution (FED) of aircraft, was introduced in 2015 as an aspirational objective by communities affected by aircraft noise from Gatwick Airport, the third-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK. This paper present... Read More about Developing a noise and soundscape conceptual framework for fair and equitable distribution of aircraft.

Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft (2023)
Journal Article
Amargianitakis, D. C., Self, R. H., Torija, A. J., Proença, A. R., & Synodinos, A. P. (2023). Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft. Journal of Aircraft, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037194

As part of the UK Research and Innovation project New Aviation, Propulsion, Knowledge and Innovation Network (NAPKIN), a high-level framework was developed for the assessment of the noise impact of the proposed regional-sized hydrogen-powered aircraf... Read More about Toward Estimating Noise–Power–Distance Curves for Propeller-Powered Zero-Emission Hydrogen Aircraft.

Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation (2023)
Journal Article
Lotinga, M. J. B., Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., & Torija, A. J. (2023). Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation. Current Pollution Reports, 9(4), 724-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00285-4

Purpose of Review: This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current advances in the measurement and assessment of the noise generated by unconventional aircraft, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. Build... Read More about Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation.

Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level (2023)
Journal Article
Walton, T., Elias, D. S., & Torija, A. J. (2023). Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level. Applied Acoustics, 214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109683

Electric micromobility has the potential to transform the urban transportation system by offering increased personal mobility, whilst reducing congestion and air pollution. Standing electric scooters (e-scooters) are considered as the most popular mo... Read More about Auditory Alerts for E-scooters: Relationship Between Pedestrian Auditory Detection Rates and Alert Sound Level.

On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization (2023)
Journal Article
Ramos Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija, A. (2023). On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization. https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0248

With the imminent introduction of multi-rotor aircraft systems in airspace and the expectation of their operation near urban areas, noise emissions from this new type of noise sources have become an important research topic, mainly because they h... Read More about On-field measurement for sUAS noise characterization.

sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Asensio, C., & Torija, A. J. (2023). sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations.

In the framework of the EPSRC-UK DroneNoise project, a multi-channel methodology for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) noise measurement was applied under controlled conditions. The measurement campaign was carried out in August 2022 in Edzell,... Read More about sUAS Noise characterization during hovering operations.

Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers (2023)
Journal Article
Casagrande Hirono, F., Robertson, J., & Torija Martinez, A. J. (2023). Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 569, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2023.117971

This paper reports an experimental investigation of noise radiation and psychoacoustic evaluation of contra-rotating propellers with different blade counts over multiple emission angles and thrust settings. A series of aeroacoustic and psychoacoustic... Read More about Acoustic and Psychoacoustic Characterisation of Small-Scale Contra-Rotating Propellers.

On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems (2023)
Journal Article
Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Torija, A. J., & Asensio, C. (2023). On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems. Aerospace science and technology, 141, 108537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108537

The noise signature of small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) is highly influenced by specific operating and weather conditions. Accurate noise assessment of sUAS operations requires field noise measurements that capture all the compl... Read More about On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems.

Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2023)
Journal Article
Green, N., Ramos-Romero, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (2023). Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. SAE Technical Papers, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1108

The sound produced by Unmanned Aerial Systems (known as UAS or Drones) is often considered to be one of the main barriers (alongside privacy and safety concerns) preventing the widespread use of these vehicles in environments where they may be in clo... Read More about Advances in the Measurement and Human Response to Noise of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources (2023)
Journal Article
of directive aircraft noise sources. AIAA journal, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J062033

This paper extends the simplified airport noise model Rapid Aviation Noise Evaluator (RANE) [Torija et al., Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 141, No. 2, 2017, pp. 981–995], adding capability of including fully nonisotropic noise sou... Read More about Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources.

Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Nicholls, R., Torija, A. J., Green, N., & Ramos Romero, C. (2023). Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes. . https://doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0429

Drones have the potential to be implemented in the infrastructure of metropolitan areas to provide services to the public such as delivery, maintenance, and even blue light services. The scope for drone capability is large, but this comes with the ri... Read More about Assessment of Drone Noise Within Urban Soundscapes.

Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics (2022)
Journal Article
Walton, T., Torija Martinez, A., & Elliott, A. (2022). Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics. Applied Acoustics, 201(109136), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.109136

In recent years electric micromobility transportation, including electric scooters, has seen a surge in popularity due to technological advances and the move to lower emission transport. Although offering a range of societal benefits, such as reduced... Read More about Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics.

Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact (2022)
Journal Article
Ramos Romero, C., Green, N., Roberts, S., Clark, C., & Torija Martinez, A. (2022). Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159299

The number of applications for drones under R&D have growth significantly during the 12 last few years, however the wider adoption of these technologies requires ensuring public trust and 13 acceptance. Noise has been identified as one of the key c... Read More about Requirements for drone operations to minimise community noise impact.

Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Amargianitakis, D., Self, R., Proenca, A., Torija Martinez, A., & Synodinos, A. (2022, June). Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition. Presented at 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference, Southampton, UK

With the advent of the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) sector, a wide variety of concepts have emerged in academic studies and industry preliminary designs. The majority of these concepts sport Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) capabilities taking advanta... Read More about Generation of noise exposure contours for eVTOL aircraft including transition.

Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Casagrande Hirono, F., Torija Martinez, A., Elliott, A., Taylor, J., Grimshaw, S., & Lefas, D. (2022, June). Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact. Presented at 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference, Southampton, UK

This paper discusses the aeroacoustic aspects of the design, construction and testing of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for future electric aircraft. An overview of the propulsor aerodynamic design is provided. Acoustic measurements mad... Read More about Aeroacoustic design and optimisation of an all-electric ducted fan propulsion module for low-noise impact.

Acoustic optimization of a contra-rotating propeller rig (2022)
Journal Article
Casagrande Hirono, F., Torija Martinez, A., & Elliott, A. (2022). Acoustic optimization of a contra-rotating propeller rig. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0010735

With the advance of unmanned aerial vehicles as a viable alternative for urban transportation, it is imperative that these vehicles have a low impact on community noise. Contra-rotating propeller technologies offer interesting advantages over traditi... Read More about Acoustic optimization of a contra-rotating propeller rig.

Investigation of metrics for assessing human response to drone noise (2022)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Nicholls, R. (2022). Investigation of metrics for assessing human response to drone noise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063152

Novel electric air transportation is emerging as an industry that could help to improve the lives of people living in both metropolitan and rural areas through integration into infrastructure and services. However, as this new resource of accessibili... Read More about Investigation of metrics for assessing human response to drone noise.

Study on fair and equitable distribution of aircraft at Gatwick (2022)
Report
Torija Martinez, A., Clark, C., Lavia, L., Manuel, G., & Lomax, C. Study on fair and equitable distribution of aircraft at Gatwick

Fair and Equitable Dispersion (FED) was introduced in 2015 as an aspirational objective among others, by communities affected by noise from aircraft using London’s Gatwick Airport. The airport’s Noise Management Board (NMB) was established as a resul... Read More about Study on fair and equitable distribution of aircraft at Gatwick.

Psychoacoustic modelling of rotor noise (2022)
Journal Article
Torija, A. J., Li, Z., & Chaitanya, P. (2022). Psychoacoustic modelling of rotor noise. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 151(3), 1804-1815. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0009801

The aviation sector is rapidly evolving with more electric propulsion systems and a variety of new technologies of vertical take-off and landing manned and unmanned aerial vehicles. Community noise impact is one of the main barriers for the wider ado... Read More about Psychoacoustic modelling of rotor noise.

Generation and analysis of artificial warning sounds for electric scooters (2021)
Report
Torija Martinez, A., Elliott, A., Harris, L., Podwinska, Z., Welham, C., Nicholls, R., …Williams, D. Generation and analysis of artificial warning sounds for electric scooters

• emTransit B.V (Dott) is a European mobility operator currently operating over 30,000 electric scooters in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and now the UK. The company aims to expand its UK operations and has recently won a tender for the Tra... Read More about Generation and analysis of artificial warning sounds for electric scooters.

An investigation into human response to unmanned aerial vehicle noise (2021)
Journal Article
noise. NOISE-CON proceedings, 577-588. https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-1570

It is predicted that urban air mobility, including the use of small to medium sized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) delivery systems, will be introduced into cities across the globe within the next 15 years. It is known, however, that noise is one of t... Read More about An investigation into human response to unmanned aerial vehicle noise.

Towards predicting noise-power-distance curves for propeller and rotor powered aircraft (2021)
Journal Article
rotor powered aircraft. NOISE-CON proceedings, 3909-3920. https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2555

Propeller and rotor based propulsion systems are the predominant choice of power delivery system in the upcoming Urban Air Mobility market. Fully electric air-taxis (car sized vehicles with Vertical Take-off and Landing, VTOL, capabilities) concepts... Read More about Towards predicting noise-power-distance curves for propeller and rotor powered aircraft.

Psychoacoustic analysis of contra-rotating propeller noise for unmanned aerial vehicles (2021)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A. J., Paruchuri, C., & Zhengguang, L. (2021). Psychoacoustic analysis of contra-rotating propeller noise for unmanned aerial vehicles. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 149(2), 835-846. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003432

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies are rapidly advancing due to the unlimited number of applications from parcel delivery to people transportation. As the UAV market expands, community noise impact will become a significant problem for public... Read More about Psychoacoustic analysis of contra-rotating propeller noise for unmanned aerial vehicles.

A psychoacoustic approach to building knowledge about human response to noise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2021)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Clark, C. (2021). A psychoacoustic approach to building knowledge about human response to noise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020682

We are on the cusp of a revolution in the aviation sector, driven by the significant progress on electric power and battery technologies, and autonomous systems. Several industry leaders and governmental agencies are currently investigating the use o... Read More about A psychoacoustic approach to building knowledge about human response to noise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Effects of a hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on urban soundscapes perception (2019)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Zhengguang, L., & Self, R. (2020). Effects of a hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on urban soundscapes perception. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 78, 102195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.11.024

Several industry leaders and governmental agencies are currently investigating the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or ‘drones’ as commonly known, for an ever-growing number of applications from blue light services to parcel delivery. For the... Read More about Effects of a hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on urban soundscapes perception.

Influence of sound reflection on aircraft directivity and lateral attenuation on the ground (2019)
Presentation / Conference
lateral attenuation on the ground. Presented at Internoise 2019, Noise Control for a Better Environment, Madrid, Spain

The calculation of the lateral attenuation correction for computing aircraft noise footprints on the ground, as proposed by Doc29 and AIR5662, is based on semiempirical methods not suitable for accounting for the particular characteristics of some... Read More about Influence of sound reflection on aircraft directivity and lateral attenuation on the ground.

Psychoacoustic Characterisation of a Small Fixed-pitch Quadcopter (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Self, R., & Lawrence, J. (2019, June). Psychoacoustic Characterisation of a Small Fixed-pitch Quadcopter. Presented at Internoise 2019, Noise Control for a Better Environment, Madrid, Spain

In this study, a series of acoustic measurements were taken on a small fixed-pitch quadcopter, both in a controlled indoor acoustic environment and while flying outdoors. At controlled indoor conditions, audio signatures were recorded with the quadco... Read More about Psychoacoustic Characterisation of a Small Fixed-pitch Quadcopter.

Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft (2018)
Journal Article
Schafer, A., Barrett, S., Doyme, K., Dray, L., Gnadt, A., Self, R., …Torija Martinez, A. (2019). Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft. Nature Energy, 4(2), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0294-x

Ever since the Wright brothers’ first powered flight in 1903, commercial aircraft have relied on liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the need for greenhouse gas emission reductions along with recent progress in battery technology for automobiles has... Read More about Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft.

On the assessment of subjective response to tonal content of contemporary aircraft noise (2018)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Roberts, S., Woodward, R., Flindell, I., McKenzie, A., & Self, R. (2019). On the assessment of subjective response to tonal content of contemporary aircraft noise. Applied Acoustics, 146, 190-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.11.015

The Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) is the primary metric used for assessing subjective response to aircraft noise. The EPNL comprises calculation of the Perceived Noise Level (in PNdB), and takes into account flyover duration and the presen... Read More about On the assessment of subjective response to tonal content of contemporary aircraft noise.

Representative-in-class vehicles for fleet-level aviation noise analysis (2018)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., & Self, R. (2018, July). Representative-in-class vehicles for fleet-level aviation noise analysis. Presented at 25th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2018, ICSV 2018: Hiroshima Calling, Hiroshima, Japan

Global air traffic demand is projected to nearly double by 2035 (7.2 billion passengers) compared to the 3.8 billion passengers in 2016. At such a growth rate, the aviation sector might cause an important detriment of the welfare of those living arou... Read More about Representative-in-class vehicles for fleet-level aviation noise analysis.

Preliminary noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion (2018)
Presentation / Conference
Synodinos, A., Self, R., & Torija Martinez, A. (2018, June). Preliminary noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion. Presented at 2018 AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia

Electric and hybrid-electric propulsion technologies in aviation are becoming more attractive for aviation stakeholders not only due to the resulting reduction or elimination of the dependency on oil, whose availability and price are uncertain, but... Read More about Preliminary noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion.

Aircraft classification for efficient modelling of environmental noise impact of aviation (2018)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Self, R. (2018). Aircraft classification for efficient modelling of environmental noise impact of aviation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.12.007

With the environmental externalities of civil aviation under unprecedented scrutiny, and with the projected significant increase in air traffic demand over the next few decades, fleet-level studies are required to assess the potential benefit of no... Read More about Aircraft classification for efficient modelling of environmental noise impact of aviation.

Airport noise modelling for strategic environmental impact assessment of aviation (2017)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Self, R., & Flindell, I. (2018). Airport noise modelling for strategic environmental impact assessment of aviation. Applied Acoustics, 132, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.10.017

As projected by different agencies the aviation market will experience a significant increase in air traffic demand over the next decades, driven by the large demand of the Asia-Pacific region. To overcome the further deterioration of the quality o... Read More about Airport noise modelling for strategic environmental impact assessment of aviation.

Framework for predicting noise-power-distance curves for novel aircraft designs (2017)
Journal Article
Synodinos, A., Self, R., & Torija Martinez, A. (2018). Framework for predicting noise-power-distance curves for novel aircraft designs. Journal of Aircraft, 55(2), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034466

Along with flight profiles, noise–power–distance curves are the key input variable for computing noise exposure contour maps around airports. With the development of novel aircraft designs (incorporating noise-reduction technologies) and new noise-... Read More about Framework for predicting noise-power-distance curves for novel aircraft designs.

Soundscape assessment of a monumental place : a methodology based on the perception of dominant sounds (2017)
Journal Article
Perez-Martinez, G., Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2018). Soundscape assessment of a monumental place : a methodology based on the perception of dominant sounds. Landscape and Urban Planning, 169, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.07.022

Some monumental sites have unique soundscapes that deserve to be managed not only by their tourist and cultural value, but also for enhancing the visitors’ overall impression. These sites can include a multitude of sound sources within a variety of... Read More about Soundscape assessment of a monumental place : a methodology based on the perception of dominant sounds.

Noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion using a new noise estimation framework (2017)
Presentation / Conference
Synodinos, A., Self, R., & Torija Martinez, A. (2017, July). Noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion using a new noise estimation framework. Presented at 24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2017, London, UK

Future aircraft are envisioned to have significantly smaller noise footprint and emissions impact in order to satisfy the ambitious long-term aircraft noise and emissions goals set by several organisations worldwide, for example ACARE and NASA. Dis... Read More about Noise assessment of aircraft with distributed electric propulsion using a new noise estimation framework.

A methodology to determine the significance of criteria for prioritizing road stretches for action against traffic noise,Una metodología para determinar la importancia de los criterios para priorizar las actuaciones contra el ruido del tráfico de carreteras (2017)
Journal Article
Ruiz-Padillo, A., Torija, A. J., Ramos-Ridao, Á., & Ruiz, D. P. (2017). A methodology to determine the significance of criteria for prioritizing road stretches for action against traffic noise,Una metodología para determinar la importancia de los criterios para priorizar las actuaciones contra el ruido del tráfico de carreteras. Carreteras (Madrid), 211,

Road traffic noise is one of the main environmental impacts of road infrastructures, so that efficient solutions are required for reducing noise exposure. Analyzing the noise action plans published in Spain it is observed a widespread lack of methodo... Read More about A methodology to determine the significance of criteria for prioritizing road stretches for action against traffic noise,Una metodología para determinar la importancia de los criterios para priorizar las actuaciones contra el ruido del tráfico de carreteras.

A model for the rapid assessment of the impact of aviation noise near airports (2017)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Self, R., & Flindell, I. (2017). A model for the rapid assessment of the impact of aviation noise near airports. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 141(2), 981-995. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4976053

This paper introduces a simplified model [Rapid Aviation Noise Evaluator (RANE)] for the calculation of aviation noise within the context of multi-disciplinary strategic environmental assessment where input data are both limited and constrained by... Read More about A model for the rapid assessment of the impact of aviation noise near airports.

Una metodología para determinar la importancia de los criterios para priorizar las actuaciones contra el ruido del tráfico de carreteras A methodology to determine the significance of criteria for prioritizing road stretches for action against traffic noise (2017)
Journal Article
stretches for action against traffic noise

El ruido del tráfico destaca de entre los impactos ambientales de las carreteras, situación que exige medidas para su reducción. El estudio crítico de los planes de acción contra el ruido publicados en España deja patente la generalizada falta de... Read More about Una metodología para determinar la importancia de los criterios para priorizar las actuaciones contra el ruido del tráfico de carreteras A methodology to determine the significance of criteria for prioritizing road stretches for action against traffic noise.

On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK (2016)
Conference Proceeding
Torija, A. J., Self, R., & Flindell, I. (2016). On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK.

Aircraft operations have a significant impact on local air quality, climate change, fuel consumption and noise around airports. In order to reach emission targets set by aviation agencies (e.g. ACARE), to reduce environmental impact and to ensure a s... Read More about On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK.

On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Self, R., & Flindell, I. (2016, August). On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK. Presented at INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future, Hamburg, Germany

Aircraft operations have a significant impact on local air quality, climate change, fuel consumption and noise around airports. In order to reach emission targets set by aviation agencies (e.g. ACARE), to reduce environmental impact and to ensure a s... Read More about On the CO2 and noise emissions forecast in future aviation scenarios in the UK.

Subjective dominance as a basis for selecting frequency weightings (2016)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Flindell, I., & Self, R. (2016). Subjective dominance as a basis for selecting frequency weightings. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 140(2), 843-854. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4960518

The objective of this paper is to propose and illustrate a simple approach for the selection of frequency weightings for the assessment of environmental and transportation noise. In recent years, the A-frequency weighting has become almost universa... Read More about Subjective dominance as a basis for selecting frequency weightings.

Evolution of noise metrics in future aviation scenarios in the UK (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Self, R., & Flindell, I. (2016, July). Evolution of noise metrics in future aviation scenarios in the UK. Presented at ICSV 2016 - 23rd International Congress on Sound and Vibration: From Ancient to Modern Acoustics 2016, Athens, Greece

The Department for Transport of the UK (DfT) estimates an increase of 90% of air transport movements by 2050 compared to 2010. In order to offset such increase in the number of aircraft operations and avoid the consequent increase in noise impact on... Read More about Evolution of noise metrics in future aviation scenarios in the UK.

A new method for estimating community noise changes due to aircraft technology variations (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Synodinos, A., Self, R., Torija Martinez, A., & Flindell, I. (2016, July). A new method for estimating community noise changes due to aircraft technology variations. Presented at ICSV 2016 - 23rd International Congress on Sound and Vibration: From Ancient to Modern Acoustics 2016, Athens, Greece

Future air traffic growth forecasts underline the need for new environmental abatement strategies for aviation, involving, among others, the adoption of new aircraft designs and technologies. Accurately predicting the noise impact of these strategi... Read More about A new method for estimating community noise changes due to aircraft technology variations.

Selection of suitable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic noise using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model (2016)
Journal Article
Ruiz-Padillo, A., Ruiz, D., Torija Martinez, A., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2016). Selection of suitable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic noise using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 61, 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.003

Road traffic noise is one of the most significant environmental impacts generated by transport systems. To this regard, the recent implementation of the European Environmental Noise Directive by Public Administrations of the European Union member cou... Read More about Selection of suitable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic noise using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model.

Application of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in multi-criteria decision in noise action plans : prioritizing road stretches (2016)
Journal Article
Ruiz-Padillo, A., Torija Martinez, A., Ramos-Ridao, A., & Ruiz, D. (2016). Application of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in multi-criteria decision in noise action plans : prioritizing road stretches. Environmental Modelling and Software, 81, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.009

Traffic noise is one of the major environmental impacts of road infrastructures. Critical study of published Noise Action Plans (NAP) signals a widespread lack of objective criteria and methodologies for prioritizing actions against noise as well a... Read More about Application of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in multi-criteria decision in noise action plans : prioritizing road stretches.

A Bayesian method for model selection in environmental noise prediction (2016)
Journal Article
Martin-Fernandez, L., Ruiz, D., Torija Martinez, A., & Miguez, J. (2016). A Bayesian method for model selection in environmental noise prediction. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 27(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201500295

Environmental noise prediction and modeling are key factors for addressing a proper planning and management of urban sound environments. In this paper we propose a maximum a posteriori (MAP) method to compare nonlinear state-space models that descr... Read More about A Bayesian method for model selection in environmental noise prediction.

Erratum: Differences between road traffic and leisure noise in urban areas. Developing a model for automatic identification (Acta Acustica united with Acustica (2016) 102 (35-44) DOI 10.3813/AAA.918922) (2016)
Journal Article
Ballesteros Garrido, M., Torija Martinez, A., Fernandez, M., & Ballesteros, J. (2016). Erratum: Differences between road traffic and leisure noise in urban areas. Developing a model for automatic identification (Acta Acustica united with Acustica (2016) 102 (35-44) DOI 10.3813/AAA.918922). Acta acustica united with Acustica, 102(2), 407-407. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.918957

Automated classification of urban locations for environmental noise impact assessment on the basis of road-traffic content (2016)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2016). Automated classification of urban locations for environmental noise impact assessment on the basis of road-traffic content. Expert systems with applications, 53, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.01.011

Urban and road planners must take right decisions related to urban traffic management and controlling noise pollution. Their assessments and resolutions have important consequences on the annoyance of population exposed to road-traffic... Read More about Automated classification of urban locations for environmental noise impact assessment on the basis of road-traffic content.

Differences between road traffic and leisure noise in urban areas. Developing a model for automatic identification (2016)
Journal Article
Ballesteros Garrido, M., Torija Martinez, A., Fernandez, M., & Ballesteros, J. (2016). Differences between road traffic and leisure noise in urban areas. Developing a model for automatic identification. Acta acustica united with Acustica, 102(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.918922

Leisure and road traffic are two of the major contributors to environmental noise in urban agglomerations. This environmental problem is particularly important in some cities, where there is a massive circulation of traffic vehicles and numerous ou... Read More about Differences between road traffic and leisure noise in urban areas. Developing a model for automatic identification.

Estimating variation in community noise due to variation in aircraft operations (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Synodinos, A., Self, R., Flindell, I., & Torija Martinez, A. (2015, May). Estimating variation in community noise due to variation in aircraft operations. Presented at 10th European Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (EuroNoise2015), Maastricht, Holland

Notwithstanding considerable effort by many researchers world-wide, the estimation of community noise due to changes in aircraft fleets and operations remains subject to considerable uncertainty. This paper describes a new taxonomical architecture... Read More about Estimating variation in community noise due to variation in aircraft operations.

Frequency weightings based on subjectively dominant spectral ranges (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Flindell, I., Self, R., & Torija Martinez, A. J. (2015, May). Frequency weightings based on subjectively dominant spectral ranges. Presented at 10th European Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (EuroNoise2015), Maastricht, Holland

The optimisation of frequency weightings for the assessment of environmental and transportation noise has been an enduring research theme, with no real consensus achieved, other than increasing acknowledgement that the widespread adoption of the A-... Read More about Frequency weightings based on subjectively dominant spectral ranges.

The subjective effect of low frequency content in road traffic noise (2015)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Flindell, I. (2015). The subjective effect of low frequency content in road traffic noise. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 137(1), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4904542

Based on subjective listening trials, Torija and Flindell [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135, 1–4 (2014)] observed that low frequency content in typical urban main road traffic noise appeared to make a smaller contribution to reported annoyance than might be... Read More about The subjective effect of low frequency content in road traffic noise.

A general procedure to generate models for urban environmental-noise pollution using feature selection and machine learning methods (2014)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2015). A general procedure to generate models for urban environmental-noise pollution using feature selection and machine learning methods. Science of the Total Environment, 505, 680-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.060

The prediction of environmental noise in urban environments requires the solution of a complex and non-linear problem, since there are complex relationships among themultitude of variables involved in the characterization andmodelling of environmen... Read More about A general procedure to generate models for urban environmental-noise pollution using feature selection and machine learning methods.

Exploratory analysis of the factors involved in the perception of the quality of urban soundscapes (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Garcia-Checa, F., Perez-Martinez, G., Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2014, September). Exploratory analysis of the factors involved in the perception of the quality of urban soundscapes. Presented at 7th Forum Acusticum, FA 2014, Krakow, Poland

The identity of urban environments are largely determined by their history and current use, which should be closely related. Moreover, the particular sound of a specific urban site should be a distinct component of its image and identity, thanks to w... Read More about Exploratory analysis of the factors involved in the perception of the quality of urban soundscapes.

Analysis of the suitability of using the A-weighting filter for evaluating road traffic exposure (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Flindell, I., & Ruiz, D. (2014, September). Analysis of the suitability of using the A-weighting filter for evaluating road traffic exposure. Presented at 7th Forum Acusticum, FA 2014, Krakow, Poland

A-weighted sound pressure level is the most widely used descriptor for evaluating noise annoyance. However, strong criticism is associated with the dB(A) scale because it overcompensates for the hearing system’s reduced sensi... Read More about Analysis of the suitability of using the A-weighting filter for evaluating road traffic exposure.

Listening laboratory study of low height roadside noise barrier performance compared against in-situ field data (2014)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Flindell, I. (2014). Listening laboratory study of low height roadside noise barrier performance compared against in-situ field data. Building and Environment, 81, 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.07.006

A listening laboratory study conducted using simulated soundfields with and without a low (1 m) height roadside noise barrier suggested that small but significant improvements in the perceived or subjective soundscape could be achieved. The laborat... Read More about Listening laboratory study of low height roadside noise barrier performance compared against in-situ field data.

Estimating leisure noise in Spanish cities (2014)
Journal Article
Ballesteros, M., Fernandez, M., Flindell, I., Torija Martinez, A., & Ballesteros, J. (2014). Estimating leisure noise in Spanish cities. Applied Acoustics, 86, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2014.04.019

Noise pollution is a great environmental problem in big cities. In particular, the leisure noise is one of the most significant problems during the night period and the responsible of a growing number of complaints and sleep disturbances from popul... Read More about Estimating leisure noise in Spanish cities.

A methodology for classification by priority for action: Selecting road stretches for network noise action plans (2014)
Journal Article
Ruiz-Padillo, A., Torija Martinez, A., Ramos-Ridao, A., & Ruiz, D. (2014). A methodology for classification by priority for action: Selecting road stretches for network noise action plans. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 29, 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.04.002

Road traffic noise is an element of outstanding importance within the overall context of environmental impact. This problem must be technically addressed from an efficient viewpoint, and solutions or alternatives should be considered by means of ap... Read More about A methodology for classification by priority for action: Selecting road stretches for network noise action plans.

Priority index on road sections for noise action plan (Índice para determinación de la prioridad de actuación en los tramos de carretera de un plan de acción contra el ruido) (2014)
Journal Article
Ruiz-Padillo, A., Ramos-Ridao, A., Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2014). Priority index on road sections for noise action plan (Índice para determinación de la prioridad de actuación en los tramos de carretera de un plan de acción contra el ruido)

It is well known that the road traffic noise is one of the most important contributors to the environmental impact generated by roads. There no exists hitherto any regulated guidance or procedure that establishes how to undertake a well-founded pri... Read More about Priority index on road sections for noise action plan (Índice para determinación de la prioridad de actuación en los tramos de carretera de un plan de acción contra el ruido).

Method and system for estimating road traffic flows in accordance with environmental noise levels (2014)
Patent
Martin Fernandez, L., Ruiz Padillo, D., Miguez Arenas, J., & Torija Martinez, A. (2014). Method and system for estimating road traffic flows in accordance with environmental noise levels

The present invention relates to a method and system for estimating traffic flows on a road during a period of time, using exclusively the measurement of environmental noise on said road. In addition, the invention enables the flows of different t... Read More about Method and system for estimating road traffic flows in accordance with environmental noise levels.

Differences in subjective loudness and annoyance depending on the road traffic noise spectrum (2014)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Flindell, I. (2014). Differences in subjective loudness and annoyance depending on the road traffic noise spectrum. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 135(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4842456

There is at present no consensus about the relative importance of low frequency content in urban road traffic noise. The hypothesis underlying this research is that changes to different parts of the spectrum will have different effects depending on... Read More about Differences in subjective loudness and annoyance depending on the road traffic noise spectrum.

A tool for urban soundscape evaluation applying Support Vector Machines for developing a soundscape classification model (2013)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2014). A tool for urban soundscape evaluation applying Support Vector Machines for developing a soundscape classification model. Science of the Total Environment, 482-83, 440-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.108

To ensure appropriate soundscape management in urban environments, the urban-planning authorities need a range of tools that enable such a task to be performed. An essential step during the management of urban areas from a sound standpoint should b... Read More about A tool for urban soundscape evaluation applying Support Vector Machines for developing a soundscape classification model.

Application of a methodology for categorizing and differentiating urban soundscapes using acoustical descriptors and semantic-differential attributes (2013)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2013). Application of a methodology for categorizing and differentiating urban soundscapes using acoustical descriptors and semantic-differential attributes. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 134(1), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4807804

A subjective and physical categorization of an ambient sound is the first step to evaluate the soundscape and provides a basis for designing or adapting this ambient sound to match people’s expectations. For this reason, the main goal of this work... Read More about Application of a methodology for categorizing and differentiating urban soundscapes using acoustical descriptors and semantic-differential attributes.

Using recorded sound spectra profile as input data for real-time short-term urban road-traffic-flow estimation (2012)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., & Ruiz, D. (2012). Using recorded sound spectra profile as input data for real-time short-term urban road-traffic-flow estimation. Science of the Total Environment, 435-43, 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.014

Road traffic has a heavy impact on the urban sound environment, constituting the main source of noise and widely dominating its spectral composition. In this context, our research investigates the use of recorded sound spectra as input data for the... Read More about Using recorded sound spectra profile as input data for real-time short-term urban road-traffic-flow estimation.

Use of back-propagation neural networks to predict both level and temporal-spectral composition of sound pressure in urban sound environments (2012)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2012). Use of back-propagation neural networks to predict both level and temporal-spectral composition of sound pressure in urban sound environments. Building and Environment, 52, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.024

One of the main challenges of urban planning is to create soundscapes capable of providing inhabitants with a high quality of life. Urban planners need tools that enable them to approach the final goal of designing, planning, and assessing soundsca... Read More about Use of back-propagation neural networks to predict both level and temporal-spectral composition of sound pressure in urban sound environments.

Estimation procedure of the descriptor LAeq,T from the stabilization time of the sound pressure level value (2012)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2012). Estimation procedure of the descriptor LAeq,T from the stabilization time of the sound pressure level value. Noise and Vibration Worldwide, 43(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1260/0957-4565.43.1.11

Temporal structure of sound pressure level is a key aspect at the time of characterizing urban sound environments. In urban agglomerations, environmental noise levels fluctuate over a large range as a result of the great complexity of these sett... Read More about Estimation procedure of the descriptor LAeq,T from the stabilization time of the sound pressure level value.

Noticed sound events management as a tool for inclusion in the action plans against noise in medium-sized cities (2011)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., Alba-Fernandez, V., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2011). Noticed sound events management as a tool for inclusion in the action plans against noise in medium-sized cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.10.008

European Directive on Environmental Noise Management set forth the need to undertake strategic noise maps as a diagnostic action for the development of action plans. The competent authorities are faced with the problem of determining which specific... Read More about Noticed sound events management as a tool for inclusion in the action plans against noise in medium-sized cities.

ANN-based model to identify noticed sound events. A tool for inclusion in action plans against environmental noise in urban environments (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2011, June). ANN-based model to identify noticed sound events. A tool for inclusion in action plans against environmental noise in urban environments. Presented at 6th Forum Acusticum, organized by the European Acoustics Association (EAA), Aalborg, Denmark

Over recent years, acoustic pollution has become a common problem for urban environments and its treatment one of the new challenges in environmental policy. In this framework, the enactment of the European Directive on Environmental Noise Management... Read More about ANN-based model to identify noticed sound events. A tool for inclusion in action plans against environmental noise in urban environments.

Required stabilization time, short-term variability and impulsiveness of the sound pressure level to characterize the temporal composition of urban soundscapes (2010)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2011). Required stabilization time, short-term variability and impulsiveness of the sound pressure level to characterize the temporal composition of urban soundscapes. Applied Acoustics, 72(2-3), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.09.011

Temporal composition of urban soundscapes is a very important aspect at the time of studying their description and perception. In urban agglomerations, environmental noise levels can vary over a wide range as a result of the great complexity of the... Read More about Required stabilization time, short-term variability and impulsiveness of the sound pressure level to characterize the temporal composition of urban soundscapes.

A neural network based model for urban noise prediction. (2010)
Journal Article
Genaro, N., Torija Martinez, A., Ramos-Ridao, A., Requena, I., Ruiz, D., & Zamorano, M. (2010). A neural network based model for urban noise prediction. ˜The œJournal of the Acoustical Society of America (Online), 128(4), 1738-1746. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3473692

Noise is a global problem. In 1972 the World Health Organization (WHO) classified noise as a pollutant. Since then, most industrialized countries have enacted laws and local regulations to prevent and reduce acoustic environmental pollution. A furt... Read More about A neural network based model for urban noise prediction..

Relationship between road and railway noise annoyance and overall indoor sound exposure (2010)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., De Coensel, B., Botteldooren, D., Berglund, B., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2011). Relationship between road and railway noise annoyance and overall indoor sound exposure. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2010.07.012

Using data from a realistic experiment conducted using recorded traffic sounds, the relationship between indicators of magnitude, spectrum, and temporal evolution of the sonic environment and the reported annoyance are analyzed. The exposure is cha... Read More about Relationship between road and railway noise annoyance and overall indoor sound exposure.

Priorization of acoustic variables : environmental decision support for the physical characterization of urban sound environments (2010)
Journal Article
Torija Martinez, A., Genaro, N., Ruiz, D., Ramos-Ridao, A., Zamorano, M., & Requena, I. (2010). Priorization of acoustic variables : environmental decision support for the physical characterization of urban sound environments. Building and Environment, 45, 1477-1489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.12.011

Environmental noise is a factor with a significant impact on personal well-being. One of the principal challenges of urban planning is the creation of urban spaces capable of providing inhabitants with a high quality of life. Consequently urban spa... Read More about Priorization of acoustic variables : environmental decision support for the physical characterization of urban sound environments.

Modeling environmental noise using artificial neural networks (2009)
Presentation / Conference
Genaro, N., Torija Martinez, A., Ramos, A., Requena, I., Ruiz, D., & Zamorano, M. (2009, November). Modeling environmental noise using artificial neural networks. Presented at 2009 Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, Pisa, Italy

Since 1972, when the World Health Organization (WHO) classified noise as a pollutant, most industrialized countries have enacted laws or local regulations that regulate noise levels. Many scientists have tried to model urban noise, but the result... Read More about Modeling environmental noise using artificial neural networks.

Model to predict the level and the temporal and spectral composition of the sound pressure in urban soundscapes based on neural networks (2009)
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., Ruiz, D., & Ramos-Ridao, A. (2009, October). Model to predict the level and the temporal and spectral composition of the sound pressure in urban soundscapes based on neural networks. Presented at Euronoise 2009, Edinburgh, U.K

Environmental noise is a factor with a significant impact on personal well-being. One of the principal challenges of urban planning is the creation of soundscapes capable of providing inhabitants with a high quality of life. In the framework of the... Read More about Model to predict the level and the temporal and spectral composition of the sound pressure in urban soundscapes based on neural networks.

Drone noise, a new public health challenge?
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A. Drone noise, a new public health challenge?. Presented at Quiet Drones International e-Symposium on UAV/UAS Noise, Remote from Paris (France)

There is a rapidly growing interest in manned and unmanned aerial vehicles of different size from small multi-rotor drones to Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicles. With the projected expansion of the sector, for a variety of applications from parcel del... Read More about Drone noise, a new public health challenge?.

Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources
Presentation / Conference
Amargianitakis, D., Self, R., Torija Martinez, A., Proenca, A., & Synodinos, A. Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources. Presented at AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum, Virtual Event

This paper comes as an update to the simplified airport noise model RANE (Rapid Aviation Noise Evaluator) adding capability of including fully non-isotropic noise sources. RANE v2 is developed as a part of multidisciplinary acoustic assessment of nov... Read More about Closed-form analytical approach for calculating noise contours of directive aircraft noise sources.

Metrics for assessing the perception of drone noise
Presentation / Conference
Torija Martinez, A., & Li, Z. Metrics for assessing the perception of drone noise. Presented at e-Forum Acusticum 2020, Online

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is rapidly advancing, and therefore, the potential for UAV use seems almost unlimited at this stage. Diverse UAV stakeholders are currently exploring the feasibility of different UAV applications for monit... Read More about Metrics for assessing the perception of drone noise.