Developing a Systematic Approach for the Implementation of Medical Extended Reality Learning Modules in Cardiothoracic Health Care Recommendations From an International Expert Group

Mahtab, Edris A.F.; Max, Samuel A.; Braun, Jerry; Regeer, Madelien V.; Kaufman, Brian; Dunning, Joel; Bibleraaj, Bhuvaneswari; Andreas, Martin; Rodríguez Lecoq, Rafael; Klinceva, Milka; Rosalia, Rodney; Lorusso, Roberto; Bruining, Nico; Egorova, Anastasia D.

Abstract

Extended reality (XR) modalities in health care are quickly evolving. There is a lack of systematically described developmental process and the “how to” execute a business-case guidance. This article formulates a systematic approach on the technical developmental steps and generation of business-case to guide the iterative development of an XR tool. An international expert group was established and several available frameworks related to entrepreneurship and business-case development were used to generate recommendations. Our ongoing experience with the development life cycle of an XR tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is provided as a real-life case illustration. Market demand, value proposition, stakeholder analyses, and profitability scenarios are captured with a business model canvas. Developmental process is divided into 4 aspects: Desirability, Feasibility, Viability, and Scalability. Technical- and Investment Readiness Level models are used in defining the technical feasibility and the business viability and scalability, respectively. Best practice recommendations including examples are provided. Health care professionals, health care financers, and health care policymakers are urged to consider the provided systematic approach and recommendations prior to starting a venture with XR.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 19, 2025
• Online Publication Date: Mar 26, 2025
• Deposit Date: Apr 5, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 7, 2025
• Journal: JACC: Advances
• Print ISSN: 1876-7605
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 4
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 101633
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101633