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All Outputs (85)

Decision Making using Similarity to a Reference Distribution (2024)
Journal Article
Baker, R. D., & McHale, I. G. (2025). Decision Making using Similarity to a Reference Distribution. IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 36(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpae026

In discriminant analysis and some methods of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) we often wish to assign a ‘candidate’ to one of two or more groups, e.g. ‘satisfactory’ or ‘unsatisfactory’. This requires specifying the characteristics of both grou... Read More about Decision Making using Similarity to a Reference Distribution.

Non-invasive predictors of axillary lymph node burden in breast cancer: a single-institution retrospective analysis (2022)
Journal Article

Purpose: Axillary staging is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) is currently used to stage patients who are clinically and radiologically node-negative. Since the establishment that axillary node clearan... Read More about Non-invasive predictors of axillary lymph node burden in breast cancer: a single-institution retrospective analysis.

A unified theory for bivariate scores in possessive ball-sports: the case of handball (2022)
Journal Article
Singh, A., Scarf, P., & Baker, R. (2022). A unified theory for bivariate scores in possessive ball-sports: the case of handball. European Journal of Operational Research, 304(3), 1099-1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2022.05.010

We present a unified theory that posits three fundamental models as necessary and sufficient for modelling the bivariate scores in possessive ball-sports. These models provide the basis for perhaps more complicated models that can be used for predict... Read More about A unified theory for bivariate scores in possessive ball-sports: the case of handball.

Axillary dissection versus axillary observation for low risk, clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Sangha, M., Baker, R., & Ahmed, M. (2021). Axillary dissection versus axillary observation for low risk, clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer, 28(6), 1212-1224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-021-01273-6

1. To systematically analyse studies comparing survival outcomes between axillary lymph-node dissection (ALND) and axilla observation (Obs), in women with low-risk, clinically node-negative breast cancer. 2. To consider results in the context of curr... Read More about Axillary dissection versus axillary observation for low risk, clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Addressing unpredictability may be the key to improving performance with current clinically prescribed myoelectric prostheses (2021)
Journal Article

The efferent control chain for an upper-limb myoelectric prosthesis can be separated into 3 key areas: signal generation, signal acquisition, and device response. Data were collected from twenty trans-radial myoelectric prosthesis users using their o... Read More about Addressing unpredictability may be the key to improving performance with current clinically prescribed myoelectric prostheses.

Modifying Bradley–Terry and other ranking models to allow ties (2020)
Journal Article
Baker, R., & Scarf, P. (2021). Modifying Bradley–Terry and other ranking models to allow ties. IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 32(4), 451-463. https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpaa027

Models derived from distributions of order-statistics are useful for modelling ranked data. The well-known Bradley–Terry (BT) and Plackett–Luce (PL) models can be derived from the order statistics of the exponential distribution but cannot handle tie... Read More about Modifying Bradley–Terry and other ranking models to allow ties.

Can machine learning be used to reduce overtreatment of the axilla in breast cancer? Results from a retrospective cohort study (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

Background: Patients with early breast cancer undergoing primary surgery who have low axillary nodal burden can safely forego axillary node clearance (ANC). However, routine use of axillary ultrasound (AUS) leads to 43% of patients in this group havi... Read More about Can machine learning be used to reduce overtreatment of the axilla in breast cancer? Results from a retrospective cohort study.

Is sentinel node biopsy necessary in the radiologically negative axilla in breast cancer? (2019)
Journal Article
Jozsa, F., Ahmed, M., Baker, R., & Douek, M. (2019). Is sentinel node biopsy necessary in the radiologically negative axilla in breast cancer?. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 177, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05299-5

Purpose: The steady move towards axillary conservatism in breast cancer is based on studies demonstrating that axillary node clearance affords no survival benefit in a subset of patients with a positive pre-operative axillary ultrasound (AUS). Howeve... Read More about Is sentinel node biopsy necessary in the radiologically negative axilla in breast cancer?.

Modelling demand for lotto using a novel method of correcting for endogeneity (2019)
Journal Article
Baker, R., Forrest, D., & Perez, L. (2020). Modelling demand for lotto using a novel method of correcting for endogeneity. Economic Modelling, 84, 302-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.04.021

Modelling lottery sales as a function of the mean, standard deviation and
skewness of the probability distribution of returns potentially gives insights into how the
design of a game could be modified to maximise net revenue. But use of OLS is
pro... Read More about Modelling demand for lotto using a novel method of correcting for endogeneity.

New order-statistics-based ranking models and faster computation of outcome probabilities (2019)
Journal Article
Baker, R. (2020). New order-statistics-based ranking models and faster computation of outcome probabilities. IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 31(1), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpz001

In sport, order-statistics-based models such as Henery’s gamma model and the Thurstone-Mosteller type V model are useful in estimating competitor strengths from observed performance of players in competitions between 2 or more players. They can also... Read More about New order-statistics-based ranking models and faster computation of outcome probabilities.

New survival distributions that quantify the gain from eliminating flawed components (2019)
Journal Article
Baker, R. (2019). New survival distributions that quantify the gain from eliminating flawed components. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 185(May 19), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.01.013

A general method for deriving new survival distributions from old is presented. This yields a class of useful mixture distributions. Fitting such distributions to failure-time data allows estimation of the improvement in reliability that could be ga... Read More about New survival distributions that quantify the gain from eliminating flawed components.

Upper limb activity in myoelectric prosthesis users is biased towards the intact limb and appears unrelated to goal-directed task performance (2018)
Journal Article

Studies of the effectiveness of prosthetic hands involve assessing user performance on functional tasks in the lab/clinic, sometimes combined with self-report of real-world use. In this paper we compare real-world upper limb activity between a group... Read More about Upper limb activity in myoelectric prosthesis users is biased towards the intact limb and appears unrelated to goal-directed task performance.

Time-varying ratings for international football teams (2017)
Journal Article
Baker, R., & McHale, I. (2017). Time-varying ratings for international football teams. European Journal of Operational Research, 267(2), 659-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.042

We present a model for rating international football teams. Using data from 1944 to 2016, we ask `which was the greatest team?'. To answer the question requires some sophisticated methodology.
Specifically, we have used k-fold cross-validation, whi... Read More about Time-varying ratings for international football teams.