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Outputs (108)

Apicomplexa micropore: history, function, and formation (2024)
Journal Article
Yang, J., Long, S., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2024). Apicomplexa micropore: history, function, and formation. Trends in Parasitology, 40(5), S1471-4922(24)00079-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.008

The micropore, a mysterious structure found in apicomplexan species, was recently shown to be essential for nutrient acquisition in Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. However, the differences between the micropores of these two parasites qu... Read More about Apicomplexa micropore: history, function, and formation.

The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3 (2024)
Journal Article
Zhao, S., Hu, Y., Yang, B., Zhang, L., Xu, M., Jiang, K., …Shen, J. (in press). The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3. Cell Death and Disease, 15(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-024-06457-4

The anti-foreign tissue (transplant rejection) response, mediated by the immune system, has been the biggest obstacle to successful organ transplantation. There are still many enigmas regarding this process and some aspects of the underlying mechanis... Read More about The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3.

Prevalence of Eimeria Species, Detected by ITS1-PCR Immobilized on FTA Cards, in Future Laying Hens and Breeding Hens in Six Provinces in Northeastern Algeria (2024)
Journal Article
Ayadi, O., Djemai, S., & Hide, G. (2024). Prevalence of Eimeria Species, Detected by ITS1-PCR Immobilized on FTA Cards, in Future Laying Hens and Breeding Hens in Six Provinces in Northeastern Algeria. Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-023-00773-z

Purpose Avian coccidiosis is an important and widely distributed disease that affects global agricultural economies through losses. In Algeria, there is limited epidemiological and ecological knowledge about this disease and this hinders implementat... Read More about Prevalence of Eimeria Species, Detected by ITS1-PCR Immobilized on FTA Cards, in Future Laying Hens and Breeding Hens in Six Provinces in Northeastern Algeria.

Macrophage-mediated trogocytosis contributes to destroying human schistosomes in a non-susceptible rodent host, Microtus fortis (2023)
Journal Article
Shen, J., Zhao, S., Peng, M., Li, Y., Zhang, L., Li, X., …Wu, Z. (in press). Macrophage-mediated trogocytosis contributes to destroying human schistosomes in a non-susceptible rodent host, Microtus fortis. Cell Discovery, 9(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-023-00603-6

Schistosoma parasites, causing schistosomiasis, exhibit typical host specificity in host preference. Many mammals, including humans, are susceptible to infection, while the widely distributed rodent, Microtus fortis, exhibits natural anti-schistosome... Read More about Macrophage-mediated trogocytosis contributes to destroying human schistosomes in a non-susceptible rodent host, Microtus fortis.

Functional screening reveals Toxoplasma prenylated proteins required for endocytic trafficking and rhoptry protein sorting (2023)
Journal Article
Wang, Q., Sun, M., Tang, T., Lai, D., Liu, J., Maity, S., …Long, S. (2023). Functional screening reveals Toxoplasma prenylated proteins required for endocytic trafficking and rhoptry protein sorting. mBio, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01309-23

In the apicomplexans, endocytosed cargos (e.g., hemoglobin) are trafficked to a specialized organelle for digestion. This follows a unique endocytotic process at the micropore/cytostome in these parasites. However, the mechanism underlying endocytic... Read More about Functional screening reveals Toxoplasma prenylated proteins required for endocytic trafficking and rhoptry protein sorting.

The Toxoplasma monocarboxylate transporters are involved in the metabolism within the apicoplast and are linked to parasite survival (2023)
Journal Article
Dong, H., He, K., Yang, J., Zheng, W., Lai, D., Liu, J., …Long, S. (2024). The Toxoplasma monocarboxylate transporters are involved in the metabolism within the apicoplast and are linked to parasite survival. eLife, 12, RP88866. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.88866.3

The apicoplast is a four-membrane plastid found in the apicomplexans, which harbors biosynthesis and organelle housekeeping activities in the matrix. However, the mechanism driving the flux of metabolites, in and out, remains unknown. Here, we used T... Read More about The Toxoplasma monocarboxylate transporters are involved in the metabolism within the apicoplast and are linked to parasite survival.

The Toxoplasma micropore mediates endocytosis for selective nutrient salvage from host cell compartments (2023)
Journal Article
Wan, W., Dong, H., Lai, D., Yang, J., He, K., Tang, X., …Long, S. (in press). The Toxoplasma micropore mediates endocytosis for selective nutrient salvage from host cell compartments. Nature communications, 14(1), 997. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36571-4

Apicomplexan parasite growth and replication relies on nutrient acquisition from host cells, in which intracellular multiplication occurs, yet the mechanisms that underlie the nutrient salvage remain elusive. Numerous ultrastructural studies have doc... Read More about The Toxoplasma micropore mediates endocytosis for selective nutrient salvage from host cell compartments.

Investigation into the potential of using UV-treated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella as a local solution to immunization of chickens against caecal coccidiosis (2023)
Journal Article
Djemai, S., Mekroud, A., Hide, G., Khelifi, D., & Bellil, I. (in press). Investigation into the potential of using UV-treated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella as a local solution to immunization of chickens against caecal coccidiosis. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-022-01562-7

In this study, we aim to evaluate the immune response of chickens to UV-treated sporulated oocysts as a means of protection against caecal coccidiosis caused by field strains of Eimeria tenella. Two groups of chicks were immunized using prepared UV-t... Read More about Investigation into the potential of using UV-treated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella as a local solution to immunization of chickens against caecal coccidiosis.

PAG3 promotes the differentiation of bloodstream forms in Trypanosoma brucei and reveals the evolutionary relationship among the Trypanozoon trypanosomes (2022)
Journal Article
Wen, Y., Tang, H., Cai, X., Wu, N., Xu, J., Su, B., …Lai, D. (2022). PAG3 promotes the differentiation of bloodstream forms in Trypanosoma brucei and reveals the evolutionary relationship among the Trypanozoon trypanosomes. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1021332

Introduction: Trypanosoma brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum are members of the subgenus Trypanozoon and are highly similar morphologically and genetically. The main differences between these three species are their differentiation patterns in the h... Read More about PAG3 promotes the differentiation of bloodstream forms in Trypanosoma brucei and reveals the evolutionary relationship among the Trypanozoon trypanosomes.

Prevalence of Eimeria species, detected by ITS1-PCR, in broiler poultry farms located in seven provinces of northeastern Algeria. (2022)
Journal Article
Djemai, S., Ayadi, O., Khelifi, D., Bellil, I., & Hide, G. (2022). Prevalence of Eimeria species, detected by ITS1-PCR, in broiler poultry farms located in seven provinces of northeastern Algeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5), 250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03252-1

Coccidiosis is an important global chickens' disease which can cause serious economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Little is known about the extent of infection or diversity, of the causative agent Eimeria spp., in Algeria. A priority, t... Read More about Prevalence of Eimeria species, detected by ITS1-PCR, in broiler poultry farms located in seven provinces of northeastern Algeria..

Novel insertions in the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma musculi, a mouse trypanosome (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, J., Lin, R., Zhang, X., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2022). Novel insertions in the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma musculi, a mouse trypanosome. Parasitology, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182022001019

Trypanosoma musculi is a, globally distributed, mouse-specific haemoflagellate, of the family Trypanosomatidae, which shares similar characteristics in morphology with Trypanosoma lewisi. The kinetoplast (mitochondrial) DNA of Trypanosomatidae flagel... Read More about Novel insertions in the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma musculi, a mouse trypanosome.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be experimentally infected with both marine and freshwater fish trypanosomes. (2022)
Journal Article
Chen, K., Zhang, P., Yang, T., Wen, Y., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2022). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be experimentally infected with both marine and freshwater fish trypanosomes. Experimental Parasitology, 239, 108288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108288

Trypanosomes are haemoflagellates found in vertebrate species and many of them can cause death in infected hosts including fish and humans. With the development of high-density farming in marine and freshwater fish aquaculture systems, severe disease... Read More about Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be experimentally infected with both marine and freshwater fish trypanosomes..

iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats (2022)
Journal Article
Shen, J., Yu, S., Peng, M., Lai, D., Hide, G., Wu, Z., & Lun, Z. (2022). iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16(5), e0010403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010403

Humans and a wide range of mammals are generally susceptible to Schistosoma infection, while some rodents such as Rattus rats and Microtus spp are not. We previously demonstrated that inherent high expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), produced by... Read More about iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats.

Transplantation of Gut Microbiota From High-Fat-Diet-Tolerant Cynomolgus Monkeys Alleviates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. (2022)
Journal Article
Gao, J., Rao, J., Wei, Z., Xia, S., Huang, L., Tang, M., …Chen, J. (2022). Transplantation of Gut Microbiota From High-Fat-Diet-Tolerant Cynomolgus Monkeys Alleviates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 876043. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.876043

Emerging evidence has been reported to support the involvement of the gut microbiota in the host's blood lipid and hyperlipidemia (HLP). However, there remains unexplained variation in the host's blood lipid phenotype. Herein a nonhuman primate HLP m... Read More about Transplantation of Gut Microbiota From High-Fat-Diet-Tolerant Cynomolgus Monkeys Alleviates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats..

The occurrence of malignancy in Trypanosoma brucei brucei by rapid passage in mice (2022)
Journal Article
Cai, X., Li, S., Zhang, P., Li, Z., Hide, G., Lai, D., & Lun, Z. (2022). The occurrence of malignancy in Trypanosoma brucei brucei by rapid passage in mice. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 806626. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.806626

Pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei are best known for their tightly controlled cell growth and developmental program, which ensures their transmissibility and host fitness between the mammalian host and insect vector. However, after long-term adaptation... Read More about The occurrence of malignancy in Trypanosoma brucei brucei by rapid passage in mice.

Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China (2021)
Journal Article
Chen, Y., Liao, L., Wu, N., Gao, J., Zhang, P., Wen, Y., …Lun, Z. (2021). Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(12), e0010055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010055

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been declared as one of the six major tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. This disease has been successfully controlled in China, except for some areas in the western region, such as the Xinjiang Autono... Read More about Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China.

A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis (2021)
Journal Article
Su, B., Wang, J., Yang, T., Hide, G., Lai, D., & Lun, Z. (2021). A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis. International Journal for Parasitology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.10.009

Leeches have long been considered potential vectors for the aquatic lineage of trypanosomes, while bloodsucking insects are generally considered as the vectors for the terrestrial lineage of trypanosomes. The freshwater leech, Hirudinaria manillensis... Read More about A new species of mammalian trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) bubalisi sp. nov., found in the freshwater leech Hirudinaria manillensis.

Innate resistance to Leishmania amazonensis Infection in rat is dependent on NOS2 (2021)
Journal Article
Chen, Y., Yu, S., Wu, C., Wu, N., Shen, J., Shen, J., …Lun, Z. (2021). Innate resistance to Leishmania amazonensis Infection in rat is dependent on NOS2. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 733286. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.733286

Leishmania infection causes diverse clinical manifestations in humans. The disease outcome is complicated by the combination of many host and parasite factors. Inbred mouse strains vary in resistance to Leishmania major but are highly susceptible to... Read More about Innate resistance to Leishmania amazonensis Infection in rat is dependent on NOS2.

High resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout rats (2021)
Journal Article
Wang, Z., Yu, S., Gao, J., Zhang, P., Hide, G., Yamamoto, M., …Lun, Z. (2021). High resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout rats. iScience, 24(11), 103280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103280

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important immune molecule which acts against extra- and intracellular pathogens in most hosts. However, after knockout of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS-/-) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, these iNOS-/- rats were found to... Read More about High resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout rats.

The relationship between the infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Alzheimer’s disease (2021)
Thesis
Alawfi, B. (2021). The relationship between the infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Alzheimer’s disease. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that commonly causes infections in a variety of warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite causes a disease referred to as toxoplasmosis. T. gondii infections are known to have a significant impact o... Read More about The relationship between the infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Alzheimer’s disease.

Identification of an orally active carbazole aminoalcohol derivative with broad-spectrum anti-animal trypanosomiasis activity (2021)
Journal Article
Cai, X., Wang, W., Lai, D., Zhang, X., Yao, J., Yu, Y., …Lun, Z. (2021). Identification of an orally active carbazole aminoalcohol derivative with broad-spectrum anti-animal trypanosomiasis activity. Acta tropica, 219, 105919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105919

Animal trypanosomiasis, caused by the members of subgenus Trypanozoon (Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum), has reduced animal productivity leading to significant negative economic impacts in endemic regions. Due to limited drug d... Read More about Identification of an orally active carbazole aminoalcohol derivative with broad-spectrum anti-animal trypanosomiasis activity.

An investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection and the expression of Arginase-1 and iNOS in human lung tissue (2021)
Thesis
Soothill, H. An investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection and the expression of Arginase-1 and iNOS in human lung tissue. (Dissertation). University of Salford

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the expression of the immune modulating proteins Arginase-1 and iNOS in human lung biopsy samples. Previously, a 100% toxoplasmosis infection rate was found in 7... Read More about An investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection and the expression of Arginase-1 and iNOS in human lung tissue.

Infection with Trypanosoma lewisi or Trypanosoma musculi may promote the spread of Toxoplasma gondii (2021)
Journal Article
Gao, J., Yi, S., Geng, G., Xu, Z., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2021). Infection with Trypanosoma lewisi or Trypanosoma musculi may promote the spread of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology, 148(6), 703-711. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182021000196

Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates with pathogensis being largely influenced by the host immune status. As important epidemiological hosts, rodents are globally distributed and are also commonly found infected with ha... Read More about Infection with Trypanosoma lewisi or Trypanosoma musculi may promote the spread of Toxoplasma gondii.

Investigation into the genetic variation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in cattle using both Sanger and next-generation sequencing from FTA-Cards (2020)
Thesis
Alqurashi, A. Investigation into the genetic variation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in cattle using both Sanger and next-generation sequencing from FTA-Cards. (Thesis). University of Salford

The susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases depends on the host immune response. The genetic variation of immune-relevant genes such as Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) genes is associated with susceptibility or resistance to the pathogen. In thi... Read More about Investigation into the genetic variation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in cattle using both Sanger and next-generation sequencing from FTA-Cards.

Long-term trends in helminth infections of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from the vicinity of Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, England (2020)
Journal Article
Behnke, J., Rogan, M., Craig, P., Jackson, J., & Hide, G. (2021). Long-term trends in helminth infections of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from the vicinity of Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, England. Parasitology, 184(4), 451-463. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182020002243

Helminth infections in wood mice (n=483), trapped over a period of 26 years in the woods surrounding Malham Tarn in N. Yorkshire, were analysed. Although ten species of helminths were identified, the overall mean species richness was 1.01 species/m... Read More about Long-term trends in helminth infections of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from the vicinity of Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, England.

Investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection in relation to expression of neurodegenerative disease markers in natural mice populations (2020)
Thesis
Alshammari, A. (2020). Investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection in relation to expression of neurodegenerative disease markers in natural mice populations. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent opportunistic protozoan parasite that has a remarkable capacity to infect humans and a range of warm-blooded animals. This research had two broad aims. Firstly, to investigating whether detection of T. gondii i... Read More about Investigation into Toxoplasma gondii infection in relation to expression of neurodegenerative disease markers in natural mice populations.

Investigating the relationship between lung cancer and the infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2020)
Thesis
Tarabulsi, M. Investigating the relationship between lung cancer and the infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular organism that has a worldwide distribution and is highly prevalent among animals and humans. Although usually asymptomatic, it can cause serious diseases in immunocompromised individuals such as pneumoni... Read More about Investigating the relationship between lung cancer and the infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Novel organization of mitochondrial minicircles and guide RNAs in the zoonotic pathogen Trypanosoma lewisi (2020)
Journal Article
Li, S., Zhang, X., Lukeš, J., Li, B., Wang, J., Qu, L., …Lun, Z. (2020). Novel organization of mitochondrial minicircles and guide RNAs in the zoonotic pathogen Trypanosoma lewisi. Nucleic Acids Research, 48(17), 9747-9761. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa700

Abstract Kinetoplastid flagellates are known for several unusual features, one of which is their complex mitochondrial genome, known as kinetoplast (k) DNA, composed of mutually catenated maxi- and minicircles. Trypanosoma lewisi is a member of the S... Read More about Novel organization of mitochondrial minicircles and guide RNAs in the zoonotic pathogen Trypanosoma lewisi.

Temperature is a key factor influencing the invasion and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in fish cells (2020)
Journal Article
Yang, Y., Yu, S., Chen, K., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2020). Temperature is a key factor influencing the invasion and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in fish cells. Experimental Parasitology, 217, 107966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107966

Toxoplasma gondii has long been considered a ubiquitous parasite possessing the capacity of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals globally. Occasionally, this parasite can also infect cold-blooded animals such as fish if their body temperature... Read More about Temperature is a key factor influencing the invasion and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in fish cells.

Human African trypanosomiasis : the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases (2020)
Journal Article
Gao, J., Qian, Z., Hide, G., Lai, D., Lun, Z., & Wu, Z. (2020). Human African trypanosomiasis : the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases. Parasitology, 147(9), 922-931. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182020000645

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense and caused devastating epidemics during the 20th century. Due to effective control programs implemented in the last two decades, the number of repo... Read More about Human African trypanosomiasis : the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases.

Vacuolar ATPase depletion contributes to dysregulation of endocytosis in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei (2020)
Journal Article
Xu, Z., Li, F., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2020). Vacuolar ATPase depletion contributes to dysregulation of endocytosis in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasites and Vectors, 13(1), 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04068-4

BACKGROUND Vacuolar H-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved protein complex which hydrolyzes ATP and pumps protons to acidify vacuolar vesicles. Beyond its role in pH maintenance, the involvement of V-ATPase in endocytosis is well documented in... Read More about Vacuolar ATPase depletion contributes to dysregulation of endocytosis in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei.

Investigation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of iNOS gene expression in infection of natural populations of Apodemus sylvaticus with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2020)
Thesis
Eshenshani, A. Investigation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of iNOS gene expression in infection of natural populations of Apodemus sylvaticus with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite that infects all warm blooded animals. It can cause pathology in both infected humans and infected animals. There have been many studies investigating the factors the affect infection of laboratory animals,... Read More about Investigation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of iNOS gene expression in infection of natural populations of Apodemus sylvaticus with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

MAT Seroprevalence infers low rates of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs from Yucatan, Mexico (2019)
Journal Article
Cubas-Atienzar, A., Hide, G., & Smith, J. (2019). MAT Seroprevalence infers low rates of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 105(5), 738-747. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-188

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of worldwide distribution. The consumption of infected pork meat has been suggested to be an important source for human infection in the tropical area of Yucatan, Mexico. We performed a cross-sectional study o... Read More about MAT Seroprevalence infers low rates of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs from Yucatan, Mexico.

High frequency of infection of lung cancer patients with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2019)
Journal Article
Bajnok, J., Tarabulsi, M., Carlin, H., Bown, K., Southworth, T., Dungwa, J., …Hide, G. (2019). High frequency of infection of lung cancer patients with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. ERJ Open Research, 5(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00143-2018

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause a wide range of clinical conditions, including miscarriage and pneumonia. The global prevalence is 30% in humans but varies locally (e.g. UK is typically 10%). The association be... Read More about High frequency of infection of lung cancer patients with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and postpartum blues (2019)
Journal Article
Gao, J., He, Z., Xie, Y., Hide, G., Lai, D., & Lun, Z. (2019). The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and postpartum blues. Journal of Affective Disorders, 250, 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.013

Introduction and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting approximately 30% of the global human population. It has often been suggested that chronic infection with T. gondii is related to personality changes and vario... Read More about The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and postpartum blues.

Cell cycle and cleavage events during in vitro cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma lewisi, a zoonotic pathogen (2019)
Journal Article
Zhang, X., Li, S., Li, Z., He, C., Hide, G., Lai, D., & Lun, Z. (2019). Cell cycle and cleavage events during in vitro cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma lewisi, a zoonotic pathogen. Cell Cycle, 18(5), 552-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2019.1577651

Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) lewisi is a globally distributed rat trypanosome, currently considered as a zoonotic pathogen; however, a detailed understanding of the morphological events occurring during the cell cycle is lacking. This study aimed to inv... Read More about Cell cycle and cleavage events during in vitro cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma lewisi, a zoonotic pathogen.

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Yucatan, Mexico (2018)
Journal Article
Cubas-Atienzar, A., Hide, G., Jiménez-Coello, M., Ortega-Pacheco, A., & Smith, J. (2018). Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Yucatan, Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 14, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.009

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The parasite exhibits strong geographical patterns of strain variation with contrasting high levels of diversity across South America and restricted variation across North America. Litt... Read More about Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Yucatan, Mexico.

Investigation into the genetic diversity in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in the European badger Meles meles (2018)
Journal Article
Whiteoak, A., Ideozu, J., Alkathiry, H., Tomlinson, A., Delahay, R., Cowen, S., …Hide, G. (2018). Investigation into the genetic diversity in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in the European badger Meles meles. Research in Veterinary Science, 119, 228-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.020

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes are a conserved family of genes central to the innate immune response to pathogen infection. They encode receptor proteins, recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger initial immune respons... Read More about Investigation into the genetic diversity in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in the European badger Meles meles.

Skin swabs with FTA® cards as a dry storage source for amphibian DNA (2018)
Journal Article
Ward, A., Hide, G., & Jehle, R. (2019). Skin swabs with FTA® cards as a dry storage source for amphibian DNA. Conservation Genetics Resources, 11, 309-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-018-1018-z

Amphibians are the most endangered group of vertebrates, and conservation measures increasingly rely on information drawn from genetic markers. The present study explores skin swabs with Whatman FTA® cards as a method to retrieve PCR-amplifiable amph... Read More about Skin swabs with FTA® cards as a dry storage source for amphibian DNA.

The effect of normal human serum on the mouse trypanosome Trypanosoma musculi in vitro and in vivo (2017)
Journal Article
Zhang, X., Hong, X., Li, S., Lai, D., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Wen, Y. (2018). The effect of normal human serum on the mouse trypanosome Trypanosoma musculi in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Parasitology, 184, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2017.12.005

Trypanosoma musculi, a common blood flagellate found in mice, is similar in morphology and life cycle to the rat trypanosome T. lewisi. Both species belong to the subgenus Herpetosoma, and as T. lewisi has recently been shown to be a zoonotic pathoge... Read More about The effect of normal human serum on the mouse trypanosome Trypanosoma musculi in vitro and in vivo.

Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum (2017)
Journal Article
Shen, J., Lai, D., Wilson, R., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Yu, Z., …Lun, Z. (2017). Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(38), 10214-10219. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708578114

Human schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma species, is a major public health problem affecting more than 700 million people in 78 countries, with over 40 mammalian host reservoir species complicating the transmission ecosystem. The primary cause of... Read More about Nitric oxide blocks the development of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum.

Genetic analyses of Chinese isolates of Toxoplasma gondii reveal a new genotype with high virulence to murine hosts (2017)
Journal Article
Gao, J., Xie, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, H., Hide, G., Yang, T., …Lun, Z. (2017). Genetic analyses of Chinese isolates of Toxoplasma gondii reveal a new genotype with high virulence to murine hosts. Veterinary Parasitology, 241, 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.007

A great deal of evidence demonstrates that a strongly clonal population structure of Toxoplasma gondii strains exists in humans and animals in North America and Europe, while the strains from South America are genetically separate and more diverse. P... Read More about Genetic analyses of Chinese isolates of Toxoplasma gondii reveal a new genotype with high virulence to murine hosts.

Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis (2017)
Journal Article
Xie, Y., Gao, J., Wu, Y., Tang, P., Hide, G., Lai, D., & Lun, Z. (2017). Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis. Parasites and Vectors, 10(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2009-8

BACKGROUND: Human trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases with more than 200 million cases worldwide. It has caused a series of health problems to patients. For prevention and control of... Read More about Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis.

Guanylate-binding Protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against toxoplasma gondii (2017)
Journal Article
Qin, A., Lai, D., Liu, Q., Huang, W., Wu, Y., Chen, X., …Xiang, A. (2017). Guanylate-binding Protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(6), 1365-1370. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619665114

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently been shown to play important roles in mammalian host defenses against intracellular pathogens, but the molecular mechanism still needs to be clarified. We confirmed that human MSCs (hMSCs) pre-stimulated... Read More about Guanylate-binding Protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against toxoplasma gondii.

High frequency detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya (2016)
Journal Article
Haq, S., Abushahma, M., Gerwash, O., Hughes, J., Wright, E., Elmahaishi, M., …Hide, G. (2016). High frequency detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 110(9), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trw064

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that causes significant disease in humans. Toxoplasmosis is normally asymptomatic, unless associated with congenital transmission, or in immunocompromised people. Congenital transmission generally occurs... Read More about High frequency detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya.

Trehalose, an easy, safe and efficient cryoprotectant for the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei (2016)
Journal Article
Wen, Y., Su, B., Lyu, S., Hide, G., Lun, Z., & Lai, D. (2016). Trehalose, an easy, safe and efficient cryoprotectant for the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Acta tropica, 164, 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.024

Trehalose, a non-permeating cryoprotective agent (CPA), has been documented as less toxic and highly efficient at cryopreserving different kinds of cells or organisms. In the present study, trehalose was evaluated for its application in cryopreservat... Read More about Trehalose, an easy, safe and efficient cryoprotectant for the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei.

Different types of small RNAs in protozoa (2016)
Book Chapter
Zheng, L., Liao, J., Wen, Y., Hide, G., Qu, L., & Lun, Z. (2016). Different types of small RNAs in protozoa. In A. Leitao, & F. Enguita (Eds.), Non-coding RNAs and inter-kingdom communication (177-196). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39496-1_11

The origin and evolution of small RNA molecules is a long-standing mystery. The protozoa represent the earliest eukaryotes and encompass rich diverse genetic resources. However, there are many contradictions and disputes prevalent in studies on proto... Read More about Different types of small RNAs in protozoa.

Further evidence from SSCP and ITS DNA sequencing support Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum as subspecies or even strains of Trypanosoma brucei (2016)
Journal Article
Wen, Y., Lun, Z., Zhu, X., Hide, G., & Lai, D. (2016). Further evidence from SSCP and ITS DNA sequencing support Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum as subspecies or even strains of Trypanosoma brucei. Infection, genetics and evolution (Online), 41, 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.022

The subgenus Trypanozoon includes three species Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum, which are morphologically identical and indistinguishable even using some molecular methods. In this study, PCR-based single strand con... Read More about Further evidence from SSCP and ITS DNA sequencing support Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum as subspecies or even strains of Trypanosoma brucei.

Role of vertical transmission ofToxoplasma gondiiin prevalence of infection (2016)
Journal Article
Hide, G. (2016). Role of vertical transmission ofToxoplasma gondiiin prevalence of infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 14(3), https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2016.1146131

The parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is a highly successful pathogen that infects around 30% of the global human population. Additionally, it is able to infect all warm blooded animals with high prevalence. This is surprising as it is a parasite of the c... Read More about Role of vertical transmission ofToxoplasma gondiiin prevalence of infection.

Role of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in prevalence of infection (2016)
Journal Article
Hide, G. (2016). Role of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in prevalence of infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 14(3), 335-44. https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2016.1146131

The parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is a highly successful pathogen that infects around 30% of the global human population. Additionally, it is able to infect all warm blooded animals with high prevalence. This is surprising as it is a parasite of the c... Read More about Role of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in prevalence of infection.

Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in China (2016)
Journal Article
Lai, D., Hong, X., Su, B., Liang, C., Hide, G., Zhang, X., …Lun, Z. (2016). Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in China. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 110(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trv100

The oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, a pathogen causing clonorchiasis, is of major socio-economic importance in East Asia, including China, Korea and Vietnam. This parasite is nowrecognized as a biocarcinogen strongly linked to cholangioc... Read More about Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in China.

Analysis of the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma lewisi, a neglected human pathogen (2015)
Journal Article
Lin, R., Lai, D., Zheng, L., Wu, J., Lukeš, J., Hide, G., & Lun, Z. (2015). Analysis of the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma lewisi, a neglected human pathogen. Parasites and Vectors, 8(1), 665. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1281-8

BACKGROUND The haemoflagellate Trypanosoma lewisi is a kinetoplastid parasite which, as it has been recently reported to cause human disease, deserves increased attention. Characteristic features of all kinetoplastid flagellates are a uniquely st... Read More about Analysis of the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma lewisi, a neglected human pathogen.

High prevalence of trypanosomes in European badgers detected using ITS-PCR (2015)
Journal Article
Ideozu, E., Whiteoak, A., Tomlinson, A., Robertson, A., Delahay, R., & Hide, G. (2015). High prevalence of trypanosomes in European badgers detected using ITS-PCR. Parasites and Vectors, 8(480), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1088-7

Background Wildlife can be important sources and reservoirs for pathogens. Trypanosome infections are common in many mammalian species, and are pathogenic in some. Molecular detection tools were used to measure trypanosome prevalence in a well-stud... Read More about High prevalence of trypanosomes in European badgers detected using ITS-PCR.

Cancer in the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii (2015)
Journal Article
Lun, Z., Lai, D., Wen, Y., Zheng, L., Shen, J., Yang, T., …Ayala, F. (2015). Cancer in the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(29), 8835-8842. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502599112

Cancer is a general name for more than 100 malignant diseases. It is postulated that all cancers start from a single abnormal cell that grows out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious consequences and deaths. Great progress has been made in... Read More about Cancer in the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii.

Book review : Parasitism. The diversity and ecology of animal parasites, 2nd edn. By Timothy M. Goater,Cameron P. Goater and Gerald W. Esch,editors, p. 497. Cambridge University Press, UK, 2014. (2015)
Journal Article
Hide, G. (2015). Book review : Parasitism. The diversity and ecology of animal parasites, 2nd edn. By Timothy M. Goater,Cameron P. Goater and Gerald W. Esch,editors, p. 497. Cambridge University Press, UK, 2014. Parasitology, 142(10), 1348-1349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182015000645

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii, a severe parasite in neonates and AIDS patients, causes impaired anion secretion in airway epithelia (2015)
Journal Article
Guo, H., Gao, J., Luo, Y., Wen, Y., Zhang, Y., Hide, G., …Lun, Z. (2015). Infection by Toxoplasma gondii, a severe parasite in neonates and AIDS patients, causes impaired anion secretion in airway epithelia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(14), 4435-40. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503474112

The airway epithelia initiate and modulate the inflammatory responses to various pathogens. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated Cl(-) secretion system plays a key role in mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens. We hav... Read More about Infection by Toxoplasma gondii, a severe parasite in neonates and AIDS patients, causes impaired anion secretion in airway epithelia.

Investigation of infectivity of neonates and adults from different rat strains to toxoplasma gondii prugniaud shows both variation which correlates with iNOS and Arginase-1 activity and increased susceptibility of neonates to infection (2014)
Journal Article
Gao, J., Yi, S., Wu, M., Geng, G., Shen, J., Lu, F., …Lun, Z. (2015). Investigation of infectivity of neonates and adults from different rat strains to toxoplasma gondii prugniaud shows both variation which correlates with iNOS and Arginase-1 activity and increased susceptibility of neonates to infection. Experimental Parasitology, 149, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2014.12.008

Mouse models differ considerably fromhumans with regard to clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii and, by comparison, the rat model is more representative of this disease in humans. In the present study, we found that differ... Read More about Investigation of infectivity of neonates and adults from different rat strains to toxoplasma gondii prugniaud shows both variation which correlates with iNOS and Arginase-1 activity and increased susceptibility of neonates to infection.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in localized populations of Apodemus sylvaticus is linked to population genotype not to population location (2014)
Journal Article
Bajnok, J., Boyce, K., Rogan, M., Craig, P., Lun, Z., & Hide, G. (2015). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in localized populations of Apodemus sylvaticus is linked to population genotype not to population location. Parasitology, 142(5), 680-690. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182014001760

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed parasite infecting humans and warm-blooded animals. Although many surveys have been conducted for T. gondii infection in mammals, little is known about the detailed distribution in localized natural populat... Read More about Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in localized populations of Apodemus sylvaticus is linked to population genotype not to population location.

Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice (2014)
Journal Article
Morger, J., Bajnok, J., Boyce, K., Craig, P., Rogan, M., Lun, Z., …Tschirren, B. (2014). Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 26, 180-184

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite with a worldwide prevalence. Small rodents are the main intermediate hosts, and there is growing evidence that T. gondii modifies their behaviour. Chronically infected rodents show impaired learning c... Read More about Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice.

Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice (2014)
Journal Article
Morger, J., Bajnok, J., Boyce, K., Craig, P., Rogan, M., Lun, Z., …Tschirren, B. (2014). Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 26, 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.032

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite with a worldwide prevalence. Small rodents are the main intermediate hosts, and there is growing evidence that T. gondii modifies their behaviour. Chronically infected rodents show impaired learning... Read More about Naturally occurring Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and Toll-like receptor 12 (TLR12) polymorphisms are not associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice.

Toxoplasma gondii: Prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) (2014)
Journal Article
Dodd, N. S., Lord, J. S., Jehle, R., Parker, S., Parker, F., Brooks, D. R., & Hide, G. (2014). Toxoplasma gondii: Prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus). Experimental Parasitology, 139, 6-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2014.02.007

Few studies have investigated Toxoplasma gondii infections in bat populations and none have reported its presence in protected British bat species. Using a collection of dead/euthanased bats collected from Lancashire, UK, two species of bats (Pipis... Read More about Toxoplasma gondii: Prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus).

Toxoplasma gondii : prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) (2014)
Journal Article
Dodd, N., Lord, J., Jehle, R., Parker, S., Parker, F., Brooks, D., & Hide, G. (2014). Toxoplasma gondii : prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus). Experimental Parasitology, 139, 6-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2014.02.007

Few studies have investigated Toxoplasma gondii infections in bat populations and none have reported its presence in protected British bat species. Using a collection of dead/euthanased bats collected from Lancashire, UK, two species of bats (Pipis... Read More about Toxoplasma gondii : prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus).

Toxoplasma gondii infection in the peritoneal macrophages of rats treated with glucocorticoids (2013)
Journal Article
Wang, T., Gao, J., Yi, S., Geng, G., Gao, X., Shen, J., …Lun, Z. (2014). Toxoplasma gondii infection in the peritoneal macrophages of rats treated with glucocorticoids. Parasitology Research, 113(1), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3661-3

It is well known that toxoplasmosis can be life threatening to immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS and organ transplantation patients. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ t... Read More about Toxoplasma gondii infection in the peritoneal macrophages of rats treated with glucocorticoids.

Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Clonorchis sinensis from its first intermediate hosts, freshwater snails. (2013)
Journal Article
Y, C., T, W., DH, L., YZ, W., ZD, W., TB, Y., …ZR, L. (2013). Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Clonorchis sinensis from its first intermediate hosts, freshwater snails. Parasitology, 140(11), https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182013000498

Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is a key foodborne zoonosis, which is mainly found in China, Korea and Vietnam. Detection of this parasite from the second intermediate host, the freshwater fish is the common method for epidemiological s... Read More about Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Clonorchis sinensis from its first intermediate hosts, freshwater snails..

Lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and higher expression of arginase in rat alveolar macrophages are linked to their susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection. (2013)
Journal Article
ZJ, Z., J, Z., J, W., Z, L., T, W., SQ, Y., …ZR, L. (2013). Lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and higher expression of arginase in rat alveolar macrophages are linked to their susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection. PLoS ONE, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063650

Rats are naturally resistant to Toxoplasma gondii infection, particularly the RH strain, while mice are not. Previous studies have demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 of rodent peritoneal macrophages are linked to... Read More about Lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and higher expression of arginase in rat alveolar macrophages are linked to their susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection..

A molecular and ecological analysis of the trematode plagiorchis elegans in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from a periaquatic ecosystem in the UK (2013)
Journal Article
Boyce, K., Hide, G., Craig, P., Reynolds, C., Hussain, M., Bodell, A., …Rogan, M. (2013). A molecular and ecological analysis of the trematode plagiorchis elegans in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from a periaquatic ecosystem in the UK. Journal of Helminthology, 88(03), 310-320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X13000199

The prevalence of the digenean Plagiorchis sp. was investigated in a natural wood mouse population (Apodemus sylvaticus) in a periaquatic environment. Classical identification was complemented with the use of molecular differentiation to determine... Read More about A molecular and ecological analysis of the trematode plagiorchis elegans in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from a periaquatic ecosystem in the UK.

Human parasitology - book review (2013)
Journal Article
Hide, G. (2013). Human parasitology - book review. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 70(4), 184-184

Identification of a new species of digenean Notocotylus malhamensis n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis) (2012)
Journal Article
vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis). Parasitology, 139(12), 1630-1639. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182012000911

Notocotylus malhamensis n. sp. is described from the caecum of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis) from Malham Tarn Nature Reserve in North Yorkshire, UK. In total, 581 specimens were collected from rodents trapp... Read More about Identification of a new species of digenean Notocotylus malhamensis n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis).

Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from wild rats in Southern China and its genetic diversity based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences (2012)
Journal Article
Tang, H., Lan, Y., Wen, Y., Zhang, X., Desquesnes, M., Yang, T., …Lun, Z. (2012). Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from wild rats in Southern China and its genetic diversity based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 12(5), 1046-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.018

Trypanosoma lewisi has widely been considered as a non-pathogenic rat trypanosome. However, more and more cases of humans infected with T. lewisi have been reported around the world, indicating that it can infect humans in some undetermined circums... Read More about Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from wild rats in Southern China and its genetic diversity based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences.

Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against T. gondii infection (2012)
Journal Article
Gruner, A., Li, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhu, X., Ren, Q., Nie, F., …Lun, Z. (2012). Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against T. gondii infection. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035834

Toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm blooded animals causing devastating disease worldwide. It has long been a mystery as to why the peritoneal macrophages of rats are naturally resistant to T. gondii infection while those of mice are not. Her... Read More about Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against T. gondii infection.

Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China. (2011)
Journal Article
XJ, G., ZJ, Z., ZH, H., T, W., TB, Y., XG, C., …ZR, L. (2012). Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China. Parasitology, 139(2), https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182011001880

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. Primary infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the fetus leading to miscarriage or congenital toxoplasmosis. Caref... Read More about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China..

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in different geographic regions of China. (2011)
Journal Article
ZW, C., JM, G., XX, H., L, W., L, Y., F, H., …ZR, L. (2011). Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in different geographic regions of China. Veterinary Parasitology, 183(1-2), 166-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.013

Fourteen isolates of Toxoplamsa gondii were isolated from cats from 4 different geographic provinces (Anhui, Hubei, Shanxi and Guangdong) in China and their genetic diversity with 8 nuclear loci SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8, c29-2, and an... Read More about Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in different geographic regions of China..

An investigation in congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii as a potential mode of transmission in mice and humans (2011)
Thesis
Thomasson, D. An investigation in congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii as a potential mode of transmission in mice and humans. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic Apicomplexan parasite with a worldwide distribution in almost all warm blooded animals. The parasite is transmitted to hosts in three ways; via oocysts that are passed from the definitive host the cat; by the... Read More about An investigation in congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii as a potential mode of transmission in mice and humans.

Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats (2011)
Journal Article
Thomasson, D., Wright, E., Hughes, J., Dodd, N., Cox, A., Boyce, K., …Hide, G. (2011). Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats. Parasitology, 138(09), 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182011000904

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent worldwide and can infect a remarkably wide range of hosts despite felids being the only definitive host. As cats play a major role in transmission to secondary mammalian hosts, the interaction b... Read More about Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats.

The best practice for preparation of samples from FTA®cards for diagnosis of blood borne infections using African trypanosomes as a model system (2011)
Journal Article
Ahmed, H., MacLeod, E., Hide, G., Welburn, S., & Picozzi, K. (2011). The best practice for preparation of samples from FTA®cards for diagnosis of blood borne infections using African trypanosomes as a model system. Parasites and Vectors, 4, 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-68

Background: Diagnosis of blood borne infectious diseases relies primarily on the detection of the causative agent in the blood sample. Molecular techniques offer sensitive and specific tools for this although considerable difficulties exist when us... Read More about The best practice for preparation of samples from FTA®cards for diagnosis of blood borne infections using African trypanosomes as a model system.

Constraints to estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infections in East African zebu cattle (2010)
Journal Article
Cox, A., Tosas, O., Tilley, A., Picozzi, K., Coleman, P., Hide, G., & Welburn, S. (2010). Constraints to estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infections in East African zebu cattle. Parasites and Vectors, 3(1), 82

In East Africa, animal trypanosomiasis is caused by many tsetse transmitted protozoan parasites including Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and subspecies of T. brucei s.l. (T. b. brucei and zoonotic human infective T. b. rhodesiense) that may co-circ... Read More about Constraints to estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infections in East African zebu cattle.

Molecular epidemiology of African sleeping sickness (2009)
Journal Article
Hide, G., & Tait, A. (2009). Molecular epidemiology of African sleeping sickness. Parasitology, 136(12), 1491-500. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009990333

Human sleeping sickness in Africa, caused by Trypanosoma brucei spp. raises a number of questions. Despite the widespread distribution of the tsetse vectors and animal trypanosomiasis, human disease is only found in discrete foci which periodically g... Read More about Molecular epidemiology of African sleeping sickness.

Investigations by PCR analysis of neospora caninum prevalence and co-infection with toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected populations (2009)
Thesis
Hughes, J. Investigations by PCR analysis of neospora caninum prevalence and co-infection with toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected populations. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites associated with abortion in mammals. TV! caninum was identified in 1984, described as a new species in 1988 and often previously misidentified as T. gondii... Read More about Investigations by PCR analysis of neospora caninum prevalence and co-infection with toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected populations.

Investigation into pregnancy and toxoplasma gondii infection in Libya (2009)
Thesis
Abushahma, M. Investigation into pregnancy and toxoplasma gondii infection in Libya. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gone/// is a parasite discovered in 1908 by Nicolle and Manceaux; they found a protozoan in tissue of a hamster-like rodent in laboratory of the Charles Nicolle at the Pasteur Institute in Tunisia. It is an obligate intracellular protozo... Read More about Investigation into pregnancy and toxoplasma gondii infection in Libya.

Evidence for high levels of vertical transmission in Toxoplasma gondii (2009)
Journal Article
Hide, G., Morley, E., Hughes, J., Gerwash, O., Elmahaishi, M., Elmahaishi, K., …Smith, J. (2009). Evidence for high levels of vertical transmission in Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology, 136(14), 1877-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009990941

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly ubiquitous and prevalent parasite. Despite the cat being the only definitive host, it is found in almost all geographical areas and warm blooded animals. Three routes of transmission are recognised: ingestion of oocysts... Read More about Evidence for high levels of vertical transmission in Toxoplasma gondii.

The urban house mouse (Mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue? (2008)
Journal Article
RG, M., RH, W., JM, H., G, H., NJ, F., & DJ, O. (2008). The urban house mouse (Mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue?. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 18(3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120701540856

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals. The cat is the definitive host and becomes infected by consuming contaminated meat or infected prey. Humans can act as intermediate hosts and in healthy i... Read More about The urban house mouse (Mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue?.

Neospora caninum : detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis (2008)
Journal Article
Hughes, J., Thomasson, D., Craig, P., Georgin, S., Pickles, A., & Hide, G. (2008). Neospora caninum : detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis. Experimental Parasitology, 120(3), 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2008.07.011

Neospora caninum is an important pathogen of cattle causing significant economic loss. There is much current interest in wild animal reservoirs for this parasite. The role of the rabbit in this is currently unknown. DNA samples from the brains of wil... Read More about Neospora caninum : detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis.

Evidence that primary infection of Charollais sheep with Toxoplasma gondii may not prevent foetal infection and abortion in subsequent lambings (2008)
Journal Article
Morley, E., Williams, R., Hughes, J., Thomasson, D., Terry, R., Duncanson, P., …Hide, G. (2008). Evidence that primary infection of Charollais sheep with Toxoplasma gondii may not prevent foetal infection and abortion in subsequent lambings. Parasitology, 135, 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182007003721

A study carried out on a sheep farm examined whether Toxoplasma gondii foetal infection and associated abortion occur in successive lambings. We identified 29 ewes that gave birth to lambs on at least 2 successive years over our study period,2000–200... Read More about Evidence that primary infection of Charollais sheep with Toxoplasma gondii may not prevent foetal infection and abortion in subsequent lambings.

Use of molecular tools to investigate the prevalence and transmission routes of Toxoplasma in woodmice and humans (2007)
Thesis
Gerwash, O. Use of molecular tools to investigate the prevalence and transmission routes of Toxoplasma in woodmice and humans. (Thesis). University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen of humans and domestic livestock and is a major cause of abortion. It is widely distributed amongst mammals and birds and the epidemiology of human disease is complex due to the interactions between human... Read More about Use of molecular tools to investigate the prevalence and transmission routes of Toxoplasma in woodmice and humans.

The occurrence of the trematode Plagiorchis muris in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus in North Yorkshire, UK. (2007)
Journal Article
MT, R., PS, C., G, H., S, H., A, P., & DM, S. (2007). The occurrence of the trematode Plagiorchis muris in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus in North Yorkshire, UK. Journal of Helminthology, 81(1), 57 - 62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X07214105

Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus were trapped each September over a 13-year period, from 1993 to 2005, in a wooded area adjacent to Malham Tarn, Yorkshire, UK. Plagiorchis muris was found to be the dominant intestinal trematode and occurred in every yea... Read More about The occurrence of the trematode Plagiorchis muris in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus in North Yorkshire, UK..

An investigation into the congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii within ovine populations managed on working sheep farms in the United Kingdom (2007)
Thesis
Morley, E. An investigation into the congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii within ovine populations managed on working sheep farms in the United Kingdom. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is an economically important parasite that can cause spontaneous abortion in sheep and humans. The importance of the different transmission routes of the parasite is unclear. However, three routes are recognised: (1) shedding of... Read More about An investigation into the congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii within ovine populations managed on working sheep farms in the United Kingdom.

The prevalence of Neospora caninum and co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis in naturally occurring mammal populations (2006)
Journal Article
Hughes, J., Williams, R., Morley, E., Cook, D., Terry, R., Murphy, R., …Hide, G. (2006). The prevalence of Neospora caninum and co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis in naturally occurring mammal populations. Parasitology, 132(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182005008784

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites associated with bovine and ovine abortion respectively. Little is known about the extent of Neospora/Toxoplasma co-infection in naturally infected population... Read More about The prevalence of Neospora caninum and co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis in naturally occurring mammal populations.

A PCR based assay for detection and differentiation of African trypanosome species in blood. (2005)
Journal Article
A, C., A, T., F, M., J, F., M, E., G, H., & S, W. (2005). A PCR based assay for detection and differentiation of African trypanosome species in blood. Experimental Parasitology, 111(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2005.03.014

Direct PCR analysis of trypanosome infected blood samples in the quantities required for large scale epidemiological study has always been problematic. Current methods for identifying and differentiating trypanosomes typically require several species... Read More about A PCR based assay for detection and differentiation of African trypanosome species in blood..

High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on sheep farms provides evidence of vertical transmission in ovine hosts (2005)
Journal Article
Williams, R., Morley, E., Hughes, J., Duncanson, P., Terry, R., Smith, J., & Hide, G. (2005). High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on sheep farms provides evidence of vertical transmission in ovine hosts. Parasitology, 130(3), 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182004006614

Recent research suggests that vertical transmission may play an important role in sustaining Toxoplasma gondii infection in some species. We report here that congenital transmission occurs at consistently high levels in pedigree Charollais and outbre... Read More about High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on sheep farms provides evidence of vertical transmission in ovine hosts.

The use of molecular biological tools to investigate transmission routes and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii (2005)
Thesis
Williams, R. The use of molecular biological tools to investigate transmission routes and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion in humans and livestock. This work focuses on three main areas. Firstly, an investigation of congenital transmission of T. gondii in sheep. Using SAG1 PCR as a detection system, high levels of congenital... Read More about The use of molecular biological tools to investigate transmission routes and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii.

Significant familial differences in the frequency of abortion and Toxoplasma gondii infection within a flock of Charollais sheep (2005)
Journal Article
a flock of Charollais sheep. Parasitology, 131, 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182005007614

A study was carried out to investigate the frequencies of abortion and congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection within 27 families (765 individuals) of a pedigree Charollais sheep flock maintained on a working farm in Worcestershire, UK, since 1992.... Read More about Significant familial differences in the frequency of abortion and Toxoplasma gondii infection within a flock of Charollais sheep.

Detection of high levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in natural urban populations of mus domesticus (2004)
Journal Article
Marshall, P., Hughes, J., Murphy, G., Williams, R., Smith, J., Murphy, R., & Hide, G. (2004). Detection of high levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in natural urban populations of mus domesticus. Parasitology, 128(1), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182003004189

The relative importance of different transmission routes of Toxoplasma gondii has been a matter for debate. This ubiquitous parasite is generally thought to be transmitted by infective oocysts excreted by the definitive host, the cat. Ingestion of un... Read More about Detection of high levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in natural urban populations of mus domesticus.

Prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Great Britain. (2003)
Journal Article
GC, S., B, G., Z, T., MK, L., H, B., G, H., …PS, C. (2003). Prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Great Britain. Veterinary Parasitology, 118(1-2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.09.017

A national necropsy survey of red foxes was carried out across Great Britain to record Echinococcus, Trichinella and Toxoplasma. The survey did not record directly, or indirectly using coproantigen/PCR tests, evidence for the presence of Echinococcus... Read More about Prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Great Britain..

A rapid and simple method of detection of Blepharisma japonicum using PCR and immobilisation on FTA paper. (2003)
Journal Article
G, H., JM, H., & R, M. (2003). A rapid and simple method of detection of Blepharisma japonicum using PCR and immobilisation on FTA paper. BMC Ecology, 3(7), https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-3-7

Background The rapid expansion in the availability of genome and DNA sequence information has opened up new possibilities for the development of methods for detecting free-living protozoa in environmental samples. The protozoan Blepharisma japonicum... Read More about A rapid and simple method of detection of Blepharisma japonicum using PCR and immobilisation on FTA paper..

Trypanosoma brucei : trypanosome strain typing using PCR analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGE-PCR) (2003)
Journal Article
Tilley, A., Welburn, S., Fevre, E., Feil, E., & Hide, G. (2003). Trypanosoma brucei : trypanosome strain typing using PCR analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGE-PCR). Experimental Parasitology, 104(1-2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4894%2803%2900114-0

We describe the development of a single-primer amplification system, which uses the trypanosomal mobile genetic element RIME as a molecular marker for the differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei stocks. Using a well-characterised set of T. brucei stock... Read More about Trypanosoma brucei : trypanosome strain typing using PCR analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGE-PCR).

The molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii with specific reference to transmissions in sheep (2003)
Thesis
Duncanson, P. The molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii with specific reference to transmissions in sheep. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Much research has been conducted on the life cycle of T. gondii by means of investigation of experimentally infected animals. However, much less has been achieved in studies of naturally infected populations. In particular, controversy surrounds t... Read More about The molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii with specific reference to transmissions in sheep.

Development of PCR based techniques for the characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei strains from East Africa (2002)
Thesis
Tilley, A. Development of PCR based techniques for the characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei strains from East Africa. (Thesis). Salford : University of Salford

Human trypanosomiasis in east Africa, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, occurs in specific foci that alternate between endemic and epidemic states. Identification of T.b. rhodesiense is complicated as it also circulates in cattle rese... Read More about Development of PCR based techniques for the characterisation of Trypanosoma brucei strains from East Africa.

High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in a commercial sheep flock (2001)
Journal Article
Duncanson, P., Terry, R., Smith, J., & Hide, G. (2001). High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in a commercial sheep flock. International Journal for Parasitology, 31(14), 1699-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519%2801%2900282-X

Our current understanding of congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii from ewe to lamb dictates that infection frequently results in abortion and the death of the developing foetus, that the birth of live infected lambs occurs rarely and that the... Read More about High levels of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in a commercial sheep flock.

MGE-PCR : a novel approach to the analysis of toxoplasma gondii strain differentiation using mobile genetic elements (2001)
Journal Article
Terry, R., Smith, J., Duncanson, P., & Hide, G. (2001). MGE-PCR : a novel approach to the analysis of toxoplasma gondii strain differentiation using mobile genetic elements. International Journal for Parasitology, 31(2), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519%2800%2900158-2

The position of mobile genetic elements (MGE) within eukaryotic genomes is often highly variable and we have exploited this phenomenon to develop a novel approach to strain differentiation in Toxoplasma gondii. Two PCR based strategies were designed... Read More about MGE-PCR : a novel approach to the analysis of toxoplasma gondii strain differentiation using mobile genetic elements.

Generation of a mosaic pattern of diversity in the major merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen of Theileria annulata (2000)
Journal Article
Gubbels, M., Katzer, F., Hide, G., Jongejan, F., & R Shiels, B. (2000). Generation of a mosaic pattern of diversity in the major merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen of Theileria annulata. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 110(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851%2800%2900253-x

The polypeptide Tams1 is an immunodominant major merozoite piroplasm surface antigen of the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. Generation and selection of divergent antigenic types has implications for the inclusion of the Tams1 antigen in a subu... Read More about Generation of a mosaic pattern of diversity in the major merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen of Theileria annulata.

History of sleeping sickness in East Africa. (1999)
Journal Article
G, H. (1999). History of sleeping sickness in East Africa. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12, 112-25. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.1.112

The history of human sleeping sickness in East Africa is characterized by the appearance of disease epidemics interspersed by long periods of endemicity. Despite the presence of the tsetse fly in large areas of East Africa, these epidemics tend to oc... Read More about History of sleeping sickness in East Africa..

The molecular epidemiology of parasites (1991)
Journal Article
G, H., & A, T. (1991). The molecular epidemiology of parasites. #Journal not on list, 47, 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01945413

The explosion of new techniques, made available by the rapid advance in molecular biology, has provided a battery of novel approaches and technology which can be applied to more practical issues such as the epidemiology of parasites. In this review,... Read More about The molecular epidemiology of parasites.

Identification of an epidermal growth factor receptor homologue in trypanosomes (1989)
Journal Article
Hide, G., Gray, A., Harrison, C. M., & Tait, A. (1989). Identification of an epidermal growth factor receptor homologue in trypanosomes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 36(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851%2889%2990199-0

Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of cell growth regulation in mammalian cells. In particular, studies on transformed and normal cells have highlighted the contribution of growth factor-related control mechanisms in cell growt... Read More about Identification of an epidermal growth factor receptor homologue in trypanosomes.