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Shore hardness is a more representative measurement of bulk tissue biomechanics than of skin biomechanics. (2022)
Journal Article
Chatzistergos, P. E., Allan, D., Chockalingam, N., & Naemi, R. (2022). Shore hardness is a more representative measurement of bulk tissue biomechanics than of skin biomechanics. Medical Engineering and Physics, 105, 103816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103816

To support the effective use of Shore hardness (SH) in research and clinical practice this study investigates whether SH should be interpreted as a measurement of skin or of bulk tissue biomechanics. A 3D finite element model of the heel and a valida... Read More about Shore hardness is a more representative measurement of bulk tissue biomechanics than of skin biomechanics..

Efficacy of outcome prediction of the respiratory ECMO survival prediction score and the predicting death for severe ARDS on VV-ECMO score for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2022)
Journal Article
Majithia-Beet, G., Naemi, R., & Issitt, R. (2023). Efficacy of outcome prediction of the respiratory ECMO survival prediction score and the predicting death for severe ARDS on VV-ECMO score for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion, 38(7), 1340-1348. https://doi.org/10.1177/02676591221115267

Background
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy for respiratory failure is an increasingly popular modality of support. Patient selection is an important aspect of outcome success. This review assesses the efficacy of the popular progn... Read More about Efficacy of outcome prediction of the respiratory ECMO survival prediction score and the predicting death for severe ARDS on VV-ECMO score for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Predicting the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. A long‐term prospective cohort study of patients in Tanzania (2022)
Journal Article
G. Abbas, Z., Chockalingam, N., K. Lutale, J., & Naemi, R. (2022). Predicting the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. A long‐term prospective cohort study of patients in Tanzania. #Journal not on list, 5(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.336

Introduction
This prospective cohort study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetic foot ulcer who are at higher risk of amputation and at increased risk of death.

Methods
About 103(M/F:60/43) participants, with active foo... Read More about Predicting the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. A long‐term prospective cohort study of patients in Tanzania.

Increased exposure to loading is associated with decreased plantar soft tissue hardness in people with diabetes and neuropathy (2022)
Journal Article
Allan, D., Chatzistergos, P., Mahadevan, S., Healy, A., Sundar, L., Ramachandran, A., …Naemi, R. (2022). Increased exposure to loading is associated with decreased plantar soft tissue hardness in people with diabetes and neuropathy. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 187, 109865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109865

Aims
Literature indicates that altered plantar loading in people with diabetes could trigger changes in plantar soft tissue biomechanics which, in turn, could affect the risk for ulceration. To stimulate more research in this area, this study uses i... Read More about Increased exposure to loading is associated with decreased plantar soft tissue hardness in people with diabetes and neuropathy.

A quantitative comparison of plantar soft tissue strainability distribution and homogeneity between ulcerated and non-ulcerated patients using ultrasound strain elastography (2022)
Journal Article
Patwari, M., Chatzistergos, P., Sundar, L., Chockalingam, N., Ramachandran, A., & Naemi, R. (2022). A quantitative comparison of plantar soft tissue strainability distribution and homogeneity between ulcerated and non-ulcerated patients using ultrasound strain elastography. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 236(5), 722-729. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119221074786

The primary objective of this study was to develop a method that allows accurate quantification of plantar soft tissue stiffness distribution and homogeneity. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate if the differences in soft tissue stiffn... Read More about A quantitative comparison of plantar soft tissue strainability distribution and homogeneity between ulcerated and non-ulcerated patients using ultrasound strain elastography.

Plantar Soft Tissue Characterization Using Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography: A Proof-of-Concept Study (2022)
Journal Article
Romero, S. E., Naemi, R., Flores, G., Allan, D., Ormachea, J., Gutierrez, E., …Castaneda, B. (2022). Plantar Soft Tissue Characterization Using Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 48(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.09.011

Plantar soft tissue stiffness provides relevant information on biomechanical characteristics of the foot. Therefore, appropriate monitoring of foot elasticity could be useful for diagnosis, treatment or health care of people with complex pathologies... Read More about Plantar Soft Tissue Characterization Using Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

A Novel Method for Field Measurement of Ankle Joint Stiffness in Hopping (2021)
Journal Article
Ghorbani Faal, S., Shirzad, E., Sharifnezhad, A., Ashrostaghi, M., & Naemi, R. (2021). A Novel Method for Field Measurement of Ankle Joint Stiffness in Hopping. Applied Sciences, 11(24), https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412140

Stiffness of ankle joint has been investigated in a wide range of biomechanical studies with a focus on the improvement of performance and reduction in the risk of injury. However, measuring ankle joint stiffness (AJS) using the existing conventional... Read More about A Novel Method for Field Measurement of Ankle Joint Stiffness in Hopping.

The Role of Cutaneous Microcirculatory Responses in Tissue Injury, Inflammation and Repair at the Foot in Diabetes (2021)
Journal Article
Victoria Balasubramanian, G., Chockalingam, N., & Naemi, R. (2021). The Role of Cutaneous Microcirculatory Responses in Tissue Injury, Inflammation and Repair at the Foot in Diabetes. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, Article 732753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.732753

Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most costly complications of diabetes. Damage to the
soft tissue structure is one of the primary causes of diabetic foot ulcers and most of the
current literature focuses on factors such as neuropathy and excess... Read More about The Role of Cutaneous Microcirculatory Responses in Tissue Injury, Inflammation and Repair at the Foot in Diabetes.

Associations between changes in loading pattern, deformity, and internal stresses at the foot with hammer toe during walking; a finite element approach (2021)
Journal Article
Moayedi, M., Arshi, A., Salehi, M., Akrami, M., & Naemi, R. (2021). Associations between changes in loading pattern, deformity, and internal stresses at the foot with hammer toe during walking; a finite element approach. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104598

Over the past decade, Finite Element (FE) modelling has been used as a method to understand the internal stresses within the diabetic foot. Foot deformities such as hammer toe have been associated with increased risk of foot ulcers in diabetic patien... Read More about Associations between changes in loading pattern, deformity, and internal stresses at the foot with hammer toe during walking; a finite element approach.

A mathematical model to investigate heat transfer in footwear during walking and jogging (2021)
Journal Article
Nemati, H., Moghimi, M., & Naemi, R. (2021). A mathematical model to investigate heat transfer in footwear during walking and jogging. Journal of Thermal Biology, 97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102778

Foot temperature during activities of daily living affects the human performance and well-being. Footwear thermal characteristics affect the foot temperature inside the shoe during activities of daily living. The temperate at the sole of the foot (pl... Read More about A mathematical model to investigate heat transfer in footwear during walking and jogging.

Augmented feedback can change body shape to improve glide efficiency in swimming (2021)
Journal Article
Papic, C., Andersen, J., Naemi, R., Hodierne, R., & H Sanders, R. (2021). Augmented feedback can change body shape to improve glide efficiency in swimming. Sports Biomechanics, https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1900355

Curvatures of the body can disrupt fluid flow and affect hydrodynamic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a feedback intervention on glide performance and torso morphology. Eleven male and female national swimmers perf... Read More about Augmented feedback can change body shape to improve glide efficiency in swimming.

Validation of a non-invasive imaging photoplethysmography device to assess plantar skin perfusion, a comparison with laser speckle contrast analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Naemi, R., Allan, D., & Chockalingam, N. (2021). Validation of a non-invasive imaging photoplethysmography device to assess plantar skin perfusion, a comparison with laser speckle contrast analysis. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 45(3), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/03091902.2021.1891309

Assessing skin perfusion is an established and reliable method to study impaired lower limb blood flow. Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASCA) has been identified as the current gold standard to measure skin perfusion. Imaging photoplethysmography (... Read More about Validation of a non-invasive imaging photoplethysmography device to assess plantar skin perfusion, a comparison with laser speckle contrast analysis.

Spine and pelvis coordination variability in rowers with and without chronic low back pain during rowing (2021)
Journal Article
Alijanpour, E., Naemi, R., Abbasi, A., & Needham, R. (2021). Spine and pelvis coordination variability in rowers with and without chronic low back pain during rowing. Journal of Biomechanics, 120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110356

The aim of this study was to compare the spine-pelvis coordination and coordination variability (CV) during rowing in elite rowers with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). Fourteen professional rowers (6 healthy and 8 with CLBP) participated in... Read More about Spine and pelvis coordination variability in rowers with and without chronic low back pain during rowing.

A systematic evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation in the foot using post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (2021)
Journal Article
Balasubramanian, G., Chockalingam, N., & Naemi, R. (2021). A systematic evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation in the foot using post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia. Microcirculation, 28, Article e12692. https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12692

Objectives
Cutaneous microcirculatory impairments are associated with skin injury to the foot. Post-Occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) is one of the quick and easy methods to assess microcirculatory function. However, there are variations in the pr... Read More about A systematic evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation in the foot using post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia.

Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania (2020)
Journal Article
Naemi, R., Chockalingam, N., Lutale, J. K., & Abbas, Z. G. (2020). Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 8, Article e001122. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001122

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the
parameters that predict the risk of future foot ulcer
occurrence in patients with diabetes.
Research design and methods: 1810 (male (M)/
female (F): 1012/798) patients, with no foot ulcer at... Read More about Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania.

Improving data acquisition speed and accuracy in sport using neural networks (2020)
Journal Article
Sanders, R., Naemi, R., Andersen, J., & Elipot, M. (2020). Improving data acquisition speed and accuracy in sport using neural networks. Journal of sports sciences, 39(5), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1832735

Video analysis is used in sport to derive kinematic variables of interest but often relies on time-consuming tracking operations. The purpose of this study was to determine speed, accuracy and reliability of 2D body landmark digitisation by a neural... Read More about Improving data acquisition speed and accuracy in sport using neural networks.

A Synoptic Overview of Neurovascular Interactions in the Foot (2020)
Journal Article
Balasubramanian, G., Vas, P., Chockalingam, N., & Naemi, R. (2020). A Synoptic Overview of Neurovascular Interactions in the Foot. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00308

Diabetes is a worldwide public health concern as it is associated with various complications. One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic foot syndrome that results in catastrophic events such as ulceration and amputation. Therefore, the m... Read More about A Synoptic Overview of Neurovascular Interactions in the Foot.

Diabetes Status is Associated With Plantar Soft Tissue Stiffness Measured Using Ultrasound Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography Approach (2020)
Journal Article
Naemi, R., Ormaechea, J., Gutierrez, E., Casado-Pena, J., Juarez, M., Casado, F., & Castaneda Aphan, B. (2022). Diabetes Status is Associated With Plantar Soft Tissue Stiffness Measured Using Ultrasound Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography Approach. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 16(2), 478-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820965259

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the mechanical properties of plantar soft tissue and diabetes status.
Method: 51 (M/F: 21/30) participants with prediabetes onset (fasting blood sugar [FBS] level > 1... Read More about Diabetes Status is Associated With Plantar Soft Tissue Stiffness Measured Using Ultrasound Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography Approach.

Analysing patterns of coordination and patterns of control using novel data visualisation techniques in vector coding (2020)
Journal Article
Needham, R., Naemi, R., Hamill, J., & Chockalingam, N. (2020). Analysing patterns of coordination and patterns of control using novel data visualisation techniques in vector coding. Foot, 44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2020.101678

Objective

Vector coding is a non-linear data analysis technique that quantifies inter-segmental coordination and coordination variability. The traditional approach of reporting time-series data from vector coding can be problematic when overlaying... Read More about Analysing patterns of coordination and patterns of control using novel data visualisation techniques in vector coding.